The design of an energy-harvesting unit with superior output characteristics, i.e., high power density, is a great technological challenge in the present time. Here, simple, lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have been fabricated by integrating the aluminum electrodes onto Er/Fe stimulated electroactive, visible-light-emitting, and large dielectric PVDF films in which ErCl·6HO and Fe(NO)·9HO act as the catalytic agents for electroactive β polymorph nucleation and the enhancement of dielectric properties. The developed PENGs exhibit excellent energy-harvesting performance with very high power density and very fast charging ability compared with the previously reported PVDF-assisted prototype nanogenerators. The PENGs lead to very large power density (∼160 and ∼55.34 mW cm) under periodic finger imparting for Er- and Fe-stimulated PVDF-film-based energy-harvester units, respectively. The fabricated self-powered PENG is also able to light up 54 commercially available light-emitting diodes.
Herein we report a simplistic prototype approach to develop an organic photovoltaic self-charging energy storage cell (OPSESC) rooted with biopolymer folic acid (FA) modified high dielectric and electroactive β crystal enriched poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite (PFA) thin film. Comprehensive and exhaustive characterizations of the synthesized PFA composite films validate the proper formation of β-polymorphs in PVDF. Significant improvements of both β-phase crystallization (F(β) ≈ 71.4%) and dielectric constant (ε ≈ 218 at 20 Hz for PFA of 7.5 mass %) are the twosome realizations of our current study. Enhancement of β-phase nucleation in the composites can be thought as a contribution of the strong interaction of the FA particles with the PVDF chains. Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization approves the establishment of thermally stable high dielectric values measured over a wide temperature spectrum. The optimized high dielectric and electroactive films are further employed as an active energy storage material in designing our device named as OPSESC. Self-charging under visible light irradiation without an external biasing electrical field and simultaneous remarkable self-storage of photogenerated electrical energy are the two foremost aptitudes and the spotlight of our present investigation. Our as fabricated device delivers an impressively high energy density of 7.84 mWh/g and an excellent specific capacitance of 61 F/g which is superior relative to the other photon induced two electrode organic self-charging energy storage devices reported so far. Our device also proves the realistic utility with good recycling capability by facilitating commercially available light emitting diode.
Herein, we have successfully
designed two ecofriendly, biocompatible,
and cost-effective devices, i.e., a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG)
and a self-charged photo-power cell (PPC) by developing a multifunctional
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified montmorillonite (MMT)
incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin film with large
electroactive β crystallites and dielectric properties. Incorporation
of CTAB modified MMT in PVDF leads to nucleation of piezoelectric
β crystallite (F(β)) ∼ 91% as
well as the dielectric constant ∼48 at 3 mass % doping of CTAB-MMT.
The enrichment of the electroactive β phase crystallization
and high dielectric constant pilot to a good piezoelectricity (d
33) ∼ 62.5 pC/N at 50 Hz of the thin
film. Our CTAB-MMT/PVDF based PENG (CMPENG) with superior piezoelectricity
shows high output power generation with power density ∼ 50.72
mW/cm3 under periodic finger impartation and having the
ability to charge a 1 μF capacitor up to 2.4 V within 14 s under
gentle finger impartation. CMPENG also have the potential to glow
up commercially available 26 blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) connected
in series. The self-charged PPC has been designed with the thin film
in association with MnO2-MWNT/PVP/H3PO4. Our PPC is able to generate supercilious output voltage ∼
1.38 V and short circuit current ∼ 3.7 mA/cm2under
light illumination with specific areal capacitance and energy storage
efficiency of ∼1501 F/m2 and ∼93%, respectively.
The realistic application of our PPC is investigated by lighting 24
blue LEDs for 7 days with the same intensity by charging the device
once for 50 s.
A simple photovoltaically self‐charging energy‐storage system (PSESS) has been fabricated as an effective solar energy‐storage power cell. The PSESS is capable of the in situ storage of visible light energy in the form of electrical energy. The PSESS is assembled on a photoelectrode (fluorine‐doped tin oxide) that contained a dye‐sensitized and hole‐trapping phenosafranine–polyvinylpyrrolidone film in association with an electroactive and highly dielectric chlorochalcone–polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, in which photogenerated electrons are stored. Here, chlorochalcone particles act as a catalytic agent for electroactive β crystal nucleation, visible‐light emission, and the improved dielectric value of the composite thin films. A proportion of 85 % electroactive β phase nucleation and a high dielectric constant (≈60) are achieved by incorporating 20 mass % chlorochalcone in PVDF. The self‐charging capability of the PSESS was verified under a light illumination intensity of 110 mW cm−2. The PSESS was charged up to 0.95 V under light illumination. Moreover, the device wass discharged with a constant current density 1.25 mA g−1 for a long time (≈560 min) after the light was switched off. The photogenerated energy and charge density of the PSESS are approximately 5.25 mWh g−1 and 42 C g−1, respectively. The maximum capacitance attained under the light illumination is approximately 44 F g−1, which is many times greater than two‐electrode self‐charged photovoltaic cells reported previously. A blue light‐emitting diode can be driven by using the PSESSs as a power bank.
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