Background: Safety and efficacy concerns regarding coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines are common among the public and have a negative impact on their uptake. We aimed to report the adverse effects currently associated with the vaccine in Pakistan to build confidence among the population for its adoption. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan between January and March 2022. The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. All data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results:We recruited 1622 people with the majority aged between 25-45 years. Of these, 51% were female, including 27 pregnant women and 42 lactating mothers. Most participants had received the Sinopharm (62.6%) or Sinovac (17.8%) vaccines. The incidences of at least one side effect after the first (N = 1622), second (N = 1484), and booster doses (N = 219) of the COVID-19 vaccine were 16.5%, 20.1%, and 32%, respectively. Inflammation/erythema at the injection site, pain at the injection site, fever, and bone/muscle pain were common side effects of vaccination. No significant differences were observed in the adverse effect scores between all demographic variables except for pregnancy (P = 0.012) after the initial dose. No significant association was observed between any variable and the side effect scores of the second and booster doses of the vaccine. Conclusions:Our study showed a 16-32% prevalence of self-reported side effects after the first, second, and booster COVID-19 vaccinations. Most adverse effects were mild and transient, indicating the safety of different COVID-19 vaccines.
Objective: The COVID-19 virus disrupted the international system and trade patterns, resulting in panic and public health crises throughout the globe. The COVID-19 epidemic sparked a financial catastrophe with far-reaching consequences that outstripped the global financial crisis. The goal of this research is to see how the changes brought on by the COVID-19 epidemic affect global inflation and the jobs of individuals causing unemployment. This article is divided into two sections, considering inflation and unemployment the COVID-19 globally. Methodology: The methodology adopted for this study is empirical documentary research selecting first-hand research produced by international governmental and non-governmental organizations, newspapers, research articles of all categories as well as research published in scholarly journals available at online databases such as Taylor and Francis and JSTOR. The analysis has been done by applying the technique of content analysis. Findings: According to estimates, the virus slowed global economic growth in 2020 to roughly -3.2 percent on an annualised basis, with a recovery of 5.9 percent expected in 2021. Implications: According to consensus projections, the economic slump in 2020 will be less severe than previously anticipated, thanks in part to the fiscal and monetary policies implemented by governments in 2020.
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