Sustainable pest controlling method is essential in producing rice, one of the most important food staples worldwide, which is globally under concern of either farmers or consumers. Infestation of rice plant hopper such as brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most notable risks in rice yield in tropical areas especially in Asia. In order to use visible and infrared images to detect stress in rice production caused by BPH infestation, several remote sensing techniques have been developed. Initial recognition of pest infestation by means of remote sensing will (1) decrease food production costs, (2) limit environmental hazards, and (3) enhance natural pest control before the problem spreads, for precision farming procedures. In this paper, detection of sheath blight was examined using SPOT (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre)-5 images as the main data. Analyses were undertaken using ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) 4.8 and SPSS software. As a result, there was variety for the images of both early and late growing seasons. Specific image indices, such as RVI14, SDI14 and SDI24, proved better association for detecting healthy plants from diseased ones. These sorts of indices could be recognized as a valued indicator for developing techniques in order to detect the sheath blight of rice by means of remote sensing.
The spread of rice pests such as BPH in tropical areas is one of the best-known yield lost factors. Remote sensing can support precision farming practices for determining the location of spreads and using pesticide in the right place. In a specifically conducive environment like high temperature and heavy rainfall, BPH population will increase. To address this issue, detection of sheath blight in rice farming was examined by using SPOT-5 images. Also, the extraction of weather data derived from Landsat images for comparing with the BPH infestation was undertaken. Results showed that all the indices that recognize infected plants are significant at α = 0.01. Examination of the association between the disease indices indicated that band 3 (near infrared) and band 4 (mid infrared) in SPOT-5 images have a relatively high correlation for detecting diseased part from healthy ones. The selected indices declared better association for detecting healthy plants from diseased ones. Image investigations revealed that BPH were existing at the higher limits of tolerable temperatures when in the form of nymphs. With the knowledge that the late growth stage of plants has more severe BPH attacks, the results stated that BPH outbreak is particularly obvious in the north-west corner and middle regions of the maps and it is more likely to happen in specified ranges of temperature and RH, i.e. 29°C \T\ 32°C, and 88 % \RH \ 93 %.
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