rRNAs are non-coding RNAs present in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes there are four rRNAs: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, originating from a common precursor (45S), and 5S. We have recently discovered the existence of two distinct developmental types of rRNA: a maternal-type, present in eggs and a somatic-type, expressed in adult tissues. Lately, next-generation sequencing has allowed the discovery of new small-RNAs deriving from longer non-coding RNAs, including small-RNAs from rRNAs (srRNAs). Here, we systemically investigated srRNAs of maternal- or somatic-type 18S, 5.8S, 28S, with small-RNAseq from many zebrafish developmental stages. We identified new srRNAs for each rRNA. For 5.8S, we found srRNA consisting of the 5' or 3' halves, with only the latter having different sequence for the maternal- and somatic-types. For 18S, we discovered 21 nt srRNA from the 5' end of the 18S rRNA with a striking resemblance to microRNAs; as it is likely processed from a stem-loop precursor and present in human and mouse Argonaute-complexed small-RNA. For 28S, an abundant 80 nt srRNA from the 3' end of the 28S rRNA was found. The expression levels during embryogenesis of these srRNA indicate they are not generated from rRNA degradation and might have a role in the zebrafish development.
Background: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative option for a growing number of patients with hematologic diseases and malignancies. However, HCT-related factors, such as total body irradiation used for conditioning, graft-versus-host disease, and prolonged exposure to immunosuppressive therapy, result in very high risk for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). In fact, skin cancer is the most common subsequent neoplasm in HCT survivors, tending to develop at a time when survivors' follow-up care has largely transitioned to the primary care setting. The goal of this study is to increase skin cancer screening rates among HCT survivors through patient-directed activation alone or in combination with physician-directed activation. The proposed intervention will identify facilitators of and barriers to risk-based screening in this population and help reduce the burden of cancer-related morbidity after HCT. Methods/design: 720 HCT survivors will be enrolled in this 12-month randomized controlled trial. This study uses a comparative effectiveness design comparing (1) patient activation and education (PAE, N = 360) including text messaging and print materials to encourage and motivate skin examinations; (2) PAE plus primary care physician activation (PAE + Phys, N = 360) adding print materials for the physician on the HCT survivors' increased risk of skin cancer and importance of conducting a full-body skin exam. Patients on the PAE + Phys arm will be further randomized 1:1 to the teledermoscopy (PAE + Phys+TD) adding physician receipt of a portable dermatoscope to upload images of suspect lesions for review by the study dermatologist and an online course with descriptions of dermoscopic images for skin cancers. Discussion: When completed, this study will provide much-needed information regarding strategies to improve skin cancer detection in other high-risk (e.g. radiation-exposed) cancer survivor populations, and to facilitate screening and management of other late effects (e.g. cardiovascular, endocrine) in HCT survivors.
Factor V Leiden (FVL) (G1691A) and prothrombin gene (G20210A) mutations are the most common inherited forms of thrombophilia. The main objective of this study is to analyze the association between inherited thrombophilia FVL mutation and prothrombin G20210A mutation and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) among women suffering from complications of pregnancy. The study included 40 buccal swab samples collected from women at the reproductive age complications; abruption placenta 12.5%, dead fetal 37.5%, and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) 50% in comparison with 30 women who had one or more normal pregnancies from Elwiyah Obstetric teaching hospital through the period from mid of September 2014 to the mid of March 2015. The median age of patients was 32 years (range: 19–42 years) while for the control group, it was 28 years (range: 17–41 years). Out of 40 women, 65% had one pregnancy loss and 35% for more than two previous pregnancy losses. According to the time of pregnancy losses, 22(55%) women had early pregnancy loss (EPL), and 18 (45%) women had Late Pregnancy Loss (LPL). For FVL mutation detection the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used. DNA fragment of interest was amplified by PCR and then subjected to digestion by MnlI specific restriction enzyme. For prothrombin G20210A mutation detection different PCR products were generated using a set of primers in A/A, G/G, A/G alleles. Out of the 70 samples tested for FVL mutation no homozygous FVL mutation was detected and Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A was totally absent among patient and control.
Gastrointestinal cancers (GITs) are worldwide problem particularly in highly developed countries. In Iraq, gastric cancer(GC) is the 9th most common cancer while colorectal cancers (CRC) is considered as the 7th most common cancer among all cancer patients in both males and females. The Objective of this study was to estimate the serum level of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β) in Iraqi patients who are complying from gastric and colorectal cancers. Fifty four serum samples were collected starting from the 1st of March till the mid of May of 2011 to investigate the TGF-β serum level by using ELISA technique. Thirty eight samples were gastric (H.pylori +ve) and colorectal cancer patients (GC=17, CRC=21) while the other 16 samples considered as a healthy control group. The results showed that TGF-β serum levels of both GIT tumors were increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the healthy control group. In conclusion, the presented study showed elevated serum level of TGF-β in Gastric cancer patients which could point out to use this elevation as a biomarker for tumor prognosis; while in colorectal cancer it may evade the immune system cancer killing mechanisms. We recommend further studies concerning the correlation between serum level of TGF-β in Gastric cancer patients with staging and grading, and more immunological techniques can be implied to know the exact immunological evading mechanism of colorectal cancer cells.
The present research concentrated on evaluating the biological activity of Colocynthis (Citrillus colocynthis) plant oil extract on peripheral blood cells from leukemic patients using some cytogenetic parameters. when it is added to this cell in culture media in different concentration and incubated for 72 hours at 37C, the results pointed out that cell exposed to the Citrillus extract in culture media have mitotic index near to normal ranges, and number of chromosomal aberrations in cells exposed to the Citrillus extract is less than in the leukemic cells. This study considered as an attempt in survey for anti-tumor agents in medicinal plants.
The insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) is important regulators in stimulating growth, proteinsynthesis, cell proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types. To achieve this goal,blood samples were collected from 50 Gallus gallus affected from bone abnormalities (distortion)and 50 samples a control group from the Animal farm/ College of Veterinary medicine/University of Baghdad. DNA was isolated and the IGF-1genewas amplified by using specificprimers for promoter region and 5' UTR of this genes, then DNA sequencing was performed byusing AB13730XL, (Applied Bio system, Macro Gen company, USA). The DNA sequencingresults of flank sense of IGF-1gene from a control group was found to be compatible 100% withwild type of Gallus gallus from the Gene Bank. On the other hand, sequencing results of the samegene from 35cases abnormalities (distortion) revealed of 99% compatible and score 1351 andexpect 0.0 with the wild type sequences of gene bank. The minor differences could be attributedto two transversion substitutions of (G>T,T>G) and (C>T) on locations 404, 104, and 249 nucleicacid respectability. Fifteen cases of bone abnormalities (Distortion) of Gallus gallus, 99%compatibility have one Transversion substitution G>T on position 404 andone transitionsubstitution (C>T) on 249 positions, under number Sequence ID: gb|JX414253.1|. In conclusion,our case study suggests that polymorphisms of IGF-1gene are strongly associated with vertebrategrowth and development of some chicken breeds in Iraq. The aim of this study is to identify thegenetic polymorphisms of IGF-1gene and its association with vertebrate growth and developmentof some chicken breeds in Iraq.
Background: Infertility is considered one of the main public health issues, as it affects about 15% of the couples of reproductive age. The male factor is involved in 40%-50% of infertility cases. It is difficult to assess accurately the overall magnitude of the contribution of genetics to infertility as most, if not all, conditions are likely to have a genetic component. The genetic causes of infertility are varied and include chromosomal abnormalities, single gene disorders and phenotypes with multifactorial inheritance. Some genetic factors influence males specifically, whereas others affect both males and females. Frequently, however, in the clinic no clear cause for the observed infertility could be diagnosed which at least in part, it reflects our still poor understanding of the basic mechanisms that regulating and controlling the genetic networks of male infertility. Objective: To study the molecular identification of Azoospermic infertile patients by the gene sequencing of NR5A1. Subjects, Materials and Methods: A study carried out during the period from November 2014 to June 2015. Fifty specimens were collected from thirty azoospermic patients and twenty normal healthy subjects (normozoospermic subjects) as control their age ranged between 23 and 48 years old, the seminal fluid of cases indicated that liquefaction time, color and viscosity equal in normozoospermic subjects (control group) and patient group while there is significant difference P≥0.05 in sperm count reach to more than 20 million and motility reach to more than > 25% in control subjects while there is no sperm count found in azoospermic patients. Then blood was collected for hormonal assay, in azoospermic patients the results revealed a gradual decrease in serum testosterone levels with a concomitant increase in serum follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) level when compared with control subjects. NR5A1 gene were investigated in 30 samples of extracted DNA from azoospermic patients by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method it can directly detect the NR5A1 gene content after it had been molecularly identified then were sent
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