In this study, the natural and mixed convections were numerically investigated using semicircular enclosures heated by an isotherm-heat flux along a semicircular enclosure wall. The concentric conductive rotating cylinder was designed with a semicircular enclosure.The lower half-cylindrical wall was immersed in nanofluid (Cu-water) that filled the enclosure, whereas the upper half-cylindrical wall was subjected to ambient convection. The horizontal walls were thermally
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