The aim of this study was to describe and systematically evaluate the psychometric properties of attitudes to ageing measures that have been validated in adults younger than 60 years. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. Best evidence synthesis was performed to summarize levels of evidence. Systematic searching yielded 21 articles, relating to 10 different measures. Some instruments were validated only in middle-aged and older people, whilst others were validated in a wider age range. Measures differed in whether their items related to participants' own experiences of ageing, their anticipated future ageing, and/or ageing in general. None of the measures had had all of its psychometric properties assessed. The ERA-12 and the AAS received positive ratings for the greatest number of psychometric properties, but capture different constructs, and may be differentially suited to different age groups of younger adults.

In press). Moderating effects of age on relationships between attitudes to aging and well-being outcomes. Aging and Mental Health.

The aims of this study were to culturally adapt the Reactions to Ageing Questionnaire (RAQ) for a non-Western (Malay) population, and explore attitudes to ageing in relation to age, gender, and education. Eight new culturally relevant items were generated by asking Malay-speaking participants about their reactions to ageing. A Malay version of the extended 35-item RAQ was then administered to 911 Malaysian participants aged 18 to 60 years. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors. Three of the factors were similar to those identified in the original RAQ, while "Family and Religion" emerged as a new factor. More negative attitudes to ageing were observed in younger and female respondents. There were no effects of education. This culturally adapted RAQ exhibits robust psychometric properties, and could be used to assess attitudes to ageing in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Moreover, we have identified a "core set" of RAQ items that could be applicable worldwide.