Background The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered the psychological health of individuals. This study aimed to assess the quality of life and its related psychological problems during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 559 citizens above the age of 16 years, in Isfahan and Bandar Abbas cities in Iran were selected with a convenient sampling method. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data, which consisted of five sections: demographic information, short health anxiety inventory (SHAI), perceived stress scale (PSS), world health organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Padua inventory. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including t-test, path analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 24 and Amos 21 statistical software. Results A total of 559 subjects with the mean age of 37.34 ± 11.19 years participated in this study. Most of the participants were female (78.5%), married (71.6%) and employed (40.9%). The majority of them also had a bachelor’s degree (42.9%). There were significant negative correlations between perceived helplessness (r = -.597, p = .000), perceived stress (r = -.715, p = .000), risk of disease (r = -.302, p = .000), negative effect of disease (r = -.424, p = .000), health anxiety (r = -.366, p = .000), contamination obsessions (r = -.187, p = .000) and washing compulsions (r = -.193, p = .000) with quality of life. On other hand, significant positive correlation was found between perceived self-efficacy (r = .665, p = .000) and quality of life. Conclusions According to our findings, health anxiety, perceived stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder were negatively affected psychological health during COVID-19 which in turn decreased quality of life. Therefore, we suggest considering prevention and treatment of theses psychological problems to diminish the risk of reduced quality of life during COVID-19 global pandemic crisis.
Introduction: The phenomenon of running away from home is taken into account as one of the highly sensitive and complicated issues in the field of social harms. According to a report released by the WHO, the annual rate of running away from home is more than 2.3 million. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare family structure and process, attachment style, and emotional intelligence among runaway and normal girls. Methods: In this study, all runaway girls covered by social welfare organization of Iran in Bandar Abbas city were selected by using the convenience sampling method 40 individuals were selected including 20 runaway girls and 20 normal girls who were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. Two groups were compared with t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was used for evaluating relationship between variables. Results: According to the findings, there was a statistically significant difference between family structure, family process, attachment style, and emotional intelligence in normal and runaway girls (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between family structure and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: Family structure and process, attachment style, and emotional intelligence can affect the phenomenon of running away.
Background: Social media can be powerful tools to influence high-risk behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate tobacco-related images on Instagram’s Persian-language pages and their audience attraction rates. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1870 Instagram posts with cigar, cigarette, e-cigarette, tobacco, vape, and shisha/waterpipe/hookah hashtags. The number of likes and comments for these posts were recorded, and the image type, the attitude of the audience, and the type of caption were noted as well. Results: In general, 500 images (26.7%) had #cigar/cigarette, while 30 (1.6%), 470 (25.1%), 650 (34.8%), 70 (3.7%), and 150 (8%) images had #e-cigarette, #shisha/#waterpipe/#hookah, # tobacco, #juice, and #vape hashtags, respectively. The most common type of image was product images (52.4%). The audience’s attitude towards the images was mostly positive (93.2%). In addition, the most common caption type was sales (76.5%). There was a significant correlation between the number of likes and comments with image hashtags, audience attitude, and caption type. The highest number of likes and comments belonged to images with shisha/waterpipe/hookah hashtags and a positive audience attitude. The sales caption type had the highest number of likes, while the encouragement caption type had the highest number of comments. Eventually, text image types had the highest number of comments. Conclusion: Given the high promotion of tobacco-related posts on Instagram, policymakers should take the necessary measures to reduce the volume of tobacco advertisements.
Background The prognosis of COVID-19 cases that suffer from particular comorbidities is worse. The impact of chronic neurological disorders (CNDs) on the outcome of COVID-19 patients is not clear yet. This study aimed to assess whether CNDs can predict in-hospital mortality or severity in COVID-19 patients. Methods Following a cross-sectional design, all consecutive hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized at three centers from February 20th, 2020 to March 20th, 2022, were studied. CND was defined as neurological conditions resulting in permanent disability. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, COVID-19 severity, treatment, and laboratory findings were evaluated. A multivariate Cox-regression log-rank test was used to assess the primary outcome, which was in-hospital all-cause mortality. The relationship among CND, COVID-19 severity and abnormal laboratory findings was analyzed as a secondary endpoint. Results We studied 7370 cases, 43.6% female, with a mean age of 58.7 years. 1654 (22.4%) patients had one or more CNDs. Patients with CNDs had higher age, were more disabled at baseline, and had more vascular risk factors and comorbidities. The ICU admission rate in CND patients with 59.7% was more frequent than the figure among non-CND patients with 20.3% (p = 0.044). Mortality of those with CND was 43.4%, in comparison with 12.8% in other participants (p = 0.005). Based on the Cox regression analysis, CND could independently predict death (HR 1.198, 95% CI 1.023-3.298, p = 0.003). Conclusion CNDs could independently predict the death and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, early diagnosis of COVID-19 should be considered in CND patients. Highlights
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