In the present study, copper oxide (CuO) colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using laser ablation of copper pellet immersed in deionized water. Pulsed Nd: YAG laser was used to irradiate the targets at different laser energies and various ablation times. NP suspensions were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. The absorption spectrum exhibited a peak at ∼275 nm and another peak with low intensity at ∼645 nm. The XRD pattern of the NPs proved the presence of (-111) and (112) planes assigned to the CuO phase. The TEM images showed nearly spherical shape nanoparticles CuO NPs with size of 3-40 nm. The antibacterial activity of CuO NPs was first carried out against four types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus, by liquid medium method. CuO NPs showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli at the highest concentration (1000 µg mL −1 ). CuO NPs and amoxicillin had a synergistic effect on inhibiting E. coli and S. aureus growth; this effect was also tested using the well diffusion method. In this method, CuO NPs at a concentration of 1000 µg mL −1 along with amoxicillin showed the inhibition zone against E. coli (26.0 ± 1.00 mm), as well as complete inhibition of bacteria against S. aureus.
In a recent study, carbon nanoparticles were synthesised by pulsed laser ablation technique of pure graphite target immersed in de-ionised water (DIW). The anticancer activity and the side effects of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated. XRD results of carbon nanoparticles showed diffraction peaks at 26.58°and 43.78°corresponding to the (002) and (101) phases of carbon, respectively. TEM images demonstrated two types of produced carbon nanostructure; spherical nanoparticles with a size ranging within 10-110 nm and carbon nano-sheets of 45 nm width and 275 nm length, with some spherical nanoparticles (10-90 nm) at low laser energy. In the toxicity test, the prepared nanoparticles proved a higher cytotoxicity rate. The effect of nanoparticles was tested on the cancer cells. Images of the treated cells demonstrated isolation with surrounding normal cells and a decrease in their number after treatment. The image results also showed that there are no toxicological or side effects on the spleen, kidney, liver, and lung tissues of mice after injected intraperitoneally with carbon nanoparticles.
Laser ablation in liquid was utilized to prepare a TiO2 NP suspension in in deionized distilled water using Q-switch Nd: YAG laser at various laser energies and ablation times. The samples were characterized using UV–visible absorption spectra obtained with a UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis,) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). While, UV-Vis spectra showed the characteristic band-to-band absorption peak of TiO2 NPs in the UV range. FTIR analysis showed the existence of O-Ti-O bond. XRD patterns indicated the presence of (101) and (112) plane crystalline phases of TiO2. TEM images showed a spherical-like structure of TiO2 NPs with various size distributions depending on the ablation period. It was also found that there is a relationship between laser ablation time and TiO2 NP size distribution, where longer ablation times led to the smaller size distribution. The antibacterial activity of TiO2 NPs was evaluated with different species of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus, using the liquid approach. The optimum activity of TiO2 NPs is found to be against E. coli at 1000 μg mL−1. Furthermore, adding, TiO2 NPs (1000 μg mL−1) in the presence of amoxicillin has a synergic effect on E. coli and S. aureus growth, as measured by the well diffusion method. However, both E. coli (11.6 ± 0.57mm) and S. aureus (13.3 ± 0.57mm) were inhibited by this process.
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