Leprosy, a chronic infection caused by M. leprae, has a complex transmission problem that makes eradication programs difficult. New cases and ongoing transmission of leprosy in endemic areas make individuals living in endemic environments vulnerable to leprosy. This can be caused by the dysregulation of immune system in individuals living in leprosy-endemic areas. Although the number of male leprosy patients is higher, female leprosy patients have more impact on the family health status due to close contact with family members, roles in the household, and parenting. This could cause the increased number of children leprosy patients. We investigated the dysregulation of immune system by comparing IL-17 and FOXP3+ levels occurring in maternal and child leprosy patients in endemic and nonendemic areas. The results of the study found a statistically significant difference in IL-17 levels between the MB leprosy patient group and the control group ( p = 0.048 ), where higher levels of IL-17 are observed in the control group. A significant difference also was found in FOXP3+ levels between the group of healthy children living in endemic and those living in nonendemic areas ( p = 0.047 ), where higher FOXP3+ is observed in the healthy children living in endemic areas group.
Introduction: Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection arise new concern in pediatrics health problems. Total number of pediatric leprosy cases are hard to eliminate due to dominance of parenting and household position of mothers. In this study, we evaluated the roles of maternal and child health factors amongst leprosy patients in endemic and non-endemic areas.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on Tuban Regency, East Java through interview guided by questioner on 106 pairs mother-child selected from local primary health center’s registry data and selection through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Several parameters were analyzed: mother’s age, children’s age, gender of children, antenatal care, breastfeeding, and childbirth methods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test.Results: Statistically significant results were found in the age of mother (p = 0.007) and child (p =0.001) with older ages observed in the population lived in the endemic area. Gender of children (p=0.997), childbirth methods (p=0.172), antenatal care (p= 0.353), and breastfeeding (p=0.507) in this study showed insignificant results.Conclusions: The differences in mothers and children ages are associated with leprosy among the population lived in leprosy endemic areas compared to the control group with delayed in diagnosis and long incubation period should be considered as factors contributed in this findings.
Context/Background: Earlier studies have shown a possible correlation between skin health and physical activity. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted physical activity levels due to many reasons. Aims/Objectives: This study aims to analyze the correlation between physical activity and dermatology quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. This study used Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Bahasa Indonesia to measure dermatology quality of life and physical activity. Results: A total of 207 adults participated in this study. Our study showed that females are at risk for developing a DLQI score >10 (PR: 1.91, 95% CI: 4.05-9.03). There is no significant relationship between physical activity measured in IPAQ-SF with skin-related quality of life measured by DLQI. Conclusions: A significant relationship was observed between the female sex and comorbidity with a skin condition that impairs life quality. However, this study found no significant relationship between physical activity measured in IPAQ-SF with skin-related quality of life measured in DLQI.
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, causes health problems and endemic in several countries. The number of new cases of leprosy is constantly reported in endemic countries. Therapeutic efforts in leprosy patients are carried out with the aim of reducing the level of transmission and disability of leprosy patients. Leprosy therapy with the use of a multidrug regimen (MDT) has been shown to be able to reduce the number of leprosy cases but has not been able to suppress the rate of growth of new leprosy cases. The constant number of new cases of leprosy in endemic areas indicates community infection and the inability of MDT as a single strategy to complete treatment and stop the transmission of leprosy. The transmission of leprosy is known to be multifactorial involving: microbial factors, host factors, and environmental factors. These factors are thought to cause immune dysregulation and increase the risk of leprosy infection in people living in endemic areas. An understanding of immune dysregulation is needed to achieve succesful treatment and the eradication of leprosy.
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