Crim1 has been implicated in cataracts in mice and is of great importance in the development of the eye in both humans and mice. Therefore, we aimed to clarify how Crim1 mutations affect lens development and the molecular mechanism of cataracts in mice through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The microarray chip was downloaded from the GEO database to obtain the gene expression profile data set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs were performed using the DAVID database. Then, we established the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network in Cytoscape. Next, we used MCODE to analyze the data. We obtained 750 DEGs in total, including 407 upregulated DEGs and 343 downregulated DEGs. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly related to biological processes, such as apoptosis, cell translation and the immune system. KEGG analysis showed that the enriched functions and pathways were related to the processing and presentation of ribosomes, lysosomes, and antigens. We identified 18 HUB genes, among which four core genes, C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, and Cd74, were closely related to congenital cataracts induced by Crim1 mutation. This study reveals the molecular pathogenesis of congenital cataracts induced by Crim1, and this information is expected to facilitate clinical genetic testing, molecular diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized chemotherapy for congenital cataracts (CC).
Aim The currently recommended exercise methods for patients with diabetes require strict physical fitness and are not suitable for all diabetic patients. This study aims to explore the best exercise combination for diabetic patients and to provide scientific and practical personalized exercise guidance for diabetic patients. Subject and methods Basic information about participants was obtained through questionnaires, physical measurements were performed, and fasting blood samples were collected. Polar area diagrams were used to analyze the relationship between different exercise habits and each index. The polar area graph showed the exercise duration with the best expected effect under a particular frequency and intensity. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to test whether there was a direct causal relationship between exercise and diabetes. Results Polar area diagrams showed that diabetes patients who engaged in moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise > 60 minutes five times per week had better health indicators. The polar area graph showed that low-intensity exercise once or twice a week required more than 30 minutes to achieve the desired effect. There was no significant difference in any indicators among elderly diabetic patients with different exercise intensities. Conclusion Moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise for more than 30 minutes five times a week was the most beneficial combination of exercise for diabetes. Low frequency needs to be matched with longer exercise time to achieve the desired effect at low intensity. The relationship between low frequency and long duration weakened when the exercise intensity increased. The levels of all indicators in elderly diabetic patients were unrelated to exercise intensity.
Background The association between oral diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been revealed by many epidemiological studies in clinical aspects. Therefore, we elucidate genetic relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) in this study. Method We utilized MR analysis with summary datasets from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and 12 oral traits such as periodontitis and denture and ensured that there were no confounders like smoking, and every F-value was greater than 10. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was applied with MR analysis as the primary outcome. Additionally, the horizontal pleiotropy was assessed by MR-PRESSO methods, and the heterogeneity was detected using Cochran's Q statistics. Result This study found a significant causal effect of implant dentures on COPD by univariate and multivariate MR (OR = 1.077, 95%CI = 1.044 ~ 1.111, p_adjust = 6.58E-05). Although univariate MR showed that excessive attrition of teeth had a significant causal effect on later COPD (OR = 1.061, 95%CI = 1.020 ~ 1.104, p_adjust = 0.037), this causal relationship was not found in multivariate MR. This study found no significant effect of periodontitis on COPD (p > 0.05), either acute or chronic. Conclusion Our MR Analysis findings suggested that implant dentures and excessive attrition of teeth significantly promotes the risk of COPD and elder COPD, respectively. However, the evidence for a causal relationship between periodontitis and COPD is still insufficient and previous studies may have been affected by confounding factors.
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