Abstract. Rahmawati N, Mustofa FI, Haryanti S. 2020. Diversity of medicinal plants utilized by To Manui ethnic of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 375-392. The present study reports the utilization of medicinal plants as medicines for the treatment of various diseases among the people of To Manui tribe in Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Data collecting was conducted based on purposive random sampling to five selected traditional healers who fulfilled some inclusion criteria. The results showed as of 89 species of medicinal plants distributed in 50 families and 80 genera have been documented to have any pharmacological effects against 37 diseases and illnesses. Curcuma longa L. was determined as the most frequent medicinal plant used by traditional healers in To Manui for treating diabetes mellitus as well as after-birth treatment. However, conservation of some medicinal plants needs to be initiated in the study area especially Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. as it is recognized in International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List as Least Concern (LC) of conservation status.

Abstract. Mustofa FI, Rahmawati N, Aminullah. 2020. Medicinal plants and practices of Rongkong Traditional Healers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 642-651. Ethnomedicine reflects the fusion of tradition, natural resources, and local knowledge of the community in maintaining health. However, this knowledge is facing the threat of disappearance due to poor documentation and socio-cultural alteration. This study was conducted to find out information about species of plants used and related practices by traditional healers to overcome health problems. The study was conducted in Rongkong, North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to obtain informants demographic data, species of medicinal plants, traditional medicine ingredients, parts used, methods of remedies preparation and use, as well as various ailments that can be treated by medicinal plants. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively, by calculating the family and species use-value. The study revealed medicinal plants used and practices by Rongkong traditional healers to treat 31 ailments. They used a total of 62 species of medicinal plants distributed among 33 botanical families and 55 genera. Allium cepa has the highest UV among all medicinal plants in Rongkong. Both traditional knowledge and medicinal plant diversity possessed by Rongkong community are valuable local assets that must be maintained and developed for greater benefits.

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants have been used to facilitate bone injury healing in many communities. West Kalimantan is rich in diversity of medicinal plants and local wisdom owned by ethnic groups. As forest destruction is getting increases, it leads to the extinction of certain medicinal plant species there. Thus, it is crucial to document plant species with medicinal properties and traditional knowledge as valuable information passed down by generation. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to interview 51 traditional healers from 28 ethnic groups that were selected by purposive sampling method. Field observation and specimen collection were carried out for botanical identification. A quantitative analysis was calculated to obtain plant proportion, Use Value (UV), Family Use Value (FUV), and Informant’s Consensus Factor (ICF). The result revealed there were 134 plant species of 53 botanical families from eight districts in West Kalimantan. Eleven species of plants reported having UV of species at least 0.10 (5 citations). Zingiber officinale was the most frequently used species to facilitate bone injury (22 citations; UV=0.43). The botanical family with the highest number of species was Rubiaceae (13 species) and the highest level of Family Use Value-FUV was Acanthaceae (0.13). The Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) for facilitating bone injury was 0.48. Most of the therapy in this study administered externally (85.07%), used leaves (66.67%), and a mixture composition from several plants (93.28%). The evaluation is critically required to support the medicinal plant’s scientific evidence in facilitating bone injury for both local and global communities. Moreover, the traditional healers need education regarding conservation issues, since most of the plants are still obtained from the wild. Keywords: medicinal plants, traditional healer, bone injury, West Kalimantan ABSTRAK Tanaman obat telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi cedera tulang di berbagai komunitas di Indonesia. Kalimantan Barat kaya akan keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat dan kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh kelompok-kelompok etnisnya. Saat ini, kerusakan hutan dan alih fungsinya mengancam kepunahan beberapa spesies tanaman obat. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mendokumentasikan jenis tumbuhan yang berkhasiat obat dan juga pengetahuan tradisional sebagai informasi berharga yang disampaikan secara turun temurun. Studi ini melibatkan 51 pengobat tradisional dari 28 kelompok etnis yang diseleksi secara purposive sampling. Pengamatan lapangan dan pengambilan spesimen dilakukan untuk keperluan identifikasi botani. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mendapatkan proporsi tanaman, Use Value (UV), Family Use Value (FUV), dan Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). Studi ini mengungkapkan 134 spesies tanaman obat dari 53 familia yang terdapat pada delapan kabupaten di Kalimantan Barat. Sebelas spesies tanaman dilaporkan memiliki UV spesies setidaknya 0,10 (5 sitasi). Zingiber officinale merupakan spesies yang paling sering digunakan untuk mengatasi cedera tulang (22 sitasi; UV=0,43). Familia dengan jumlah spesies tertinggi adalah Rubiaceae (13 spesies) dan nilai FUV tertinggi adalah Acanthaceae (0,13). Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) untuk memfasilitasi cedera tulang adalah 0,48. Sebagian besar terapi diberikan secara eksternal (85,07%). Penggunaan daun sebagai bahan ramuan (66,67%) dan komposisi ramuan adalah campuran dari beberapa tanaman (93,28%). Penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan untuk memberikan bukti ilmiah tanaman obat dalam mengatasi cedera tulang, baik untuk komunitas lokal maupun global. Sebagian besar tanaman masih diperoleh dari alam tanpa upaya penanaman kembali, sehingga diperlukan edukasi terkait pengetahuan konservasi bagi pengobat tradisional. Kata kunci : tumbuhan obat, pengobat tradisional, cedera tulang, Kalimantan Barat

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants for health effort and diseases treatment has been used by ethnic groups in South Sulawesi for years. One of them is for diarrhea treatment. South Sulawesi is one of the top five provinces with the highest incidence and period prevalence of diarrhea in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the species of medicinal plants used by traditional healer in South Sulawesi for anti-diarrhea and their scientific evidence. The data was obtained from the exploration of local ethnomedicin knowledge and medicinal plant based on community in Indonesia in 2012-2015 and 2017. The data was analyzed to find out the fidelity level, used value (UV), choice value (CV), and factor of informant’s consensus (FIc). The result reported  information about thirty medicinal plants used for diarrhea treatment, including the plants name, part used, and preparation method that obtained from 48 traditional healer of 19 ethnic groups in South Sulawesi. The fidelity level were 41,67% for Psidium guajava, 8,33% for Mangifera sp, 6,25% for Curcuma domestica and C. Zedoaria, 4,17% for Allium cepa, Anacardium officinale, Syzigium cumini, and C.xanthorrhiza. The highest UV and CV were 0,42 and 13,84 for Psidium guajava. The informant’s consensus of medicinal plant for diarrhea treatment was 0,38. The commonly used parts was the leaves and most of the used methods were administered orally. The conclusions of this study were ethnic groups in South Sulawesi has various formula of medicinal plants for diarrhea treatment, but P.guajava was the most commonly used. Those formulas information for diarrhea treatment would be an alternative to overcome diarrhea problems in South Sulawesi.   Key words: medicinal plant, traditional healer, diarrhea,   ABSTRAK Pengetahuan lokal dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat untuk mencegah dan mengatasi penyakit telah dimiliki secara turun temurun oleh etnis-etnis di Sulawesi Selatan. Salah satunya adalah untuk mengatasi diare. Sulawesi Selatan termasuk dalam lima provinsi dengan insiden maupun period prevalence diare tertinggi di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap  jenis-jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan hatttra di Sulawesi Selatan dalam ramuan anti diare dan bukti ilmiah penggunaan tanaman obat tersebut untuk mengatasi diare. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Eksplorasi pengetahuan lokal etnomedisin dan tumbuhan obat berbasis komunitas di Indonesia pada tahun 2012,2015 dan 2017. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui Fidelity level, Used value, Choice value, Factor of informant’s consensus dan studi referensi ilmiahnya. Hasil studi menunjukkan informasi tentang tiga puluh tanaman obat untuk mengatasi diare yang  diperoleh dari 48 penyehat tradisional yang berasal dari 19 etnis di Sulawesi Selatan. Informasi tersebut termasuk nama tanaman, bagian yang digunakan, dan metode persiapan. Fidelity level yang tertinggi adalah 41,67% untuk Psidium guajava, disusul 8,33% untuk Mangifera sp, 6,25% untuk Curcuma domestica dan C. Zedoaria, 4,17% untuk Allium cepa, Anacardium officinale, Syzigium cumini, dan C. xanthorrhiza. Nilai UV dan CV tertinggi adalah 0,42 dan 13,84 untuk P. guajava. Konsensus informan tentang tanaman obat untuk pengobatan diare adalah 0,38. Bagian yang umum digunakan adalah daun dan sebagian besar cara pemakaian dengan diminum. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok etnis di Sulawesi Selatan memiliki berbagai formula tanaman obat untuk mengatasi diare, tetapi P.guajava adalah yang paling banyak digunakan. Informasi formula untuk mengatasi diare diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif untuk masalah diare di Sulawesi Selatan. Kata kunci: tumbuhan obat, penyehat tradisional, diare  

This ethnomedicinal study aimed to reveal the medicinal plant utilization as traditional medicine for preventing as well as treating hypercholesterolemia by traditional healers in Java Island including Banten, Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java and Central Java Province of Indonesia. Data was collected based on purposive random sampling among five selected traditional healers in each ethnic in 2015. The results exhibited as of 38 medicinal plant species distributed in 24 families showed to have a pharmacological effect on treating hypercholesterolemia whereas Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. and Zingiberaceae were identified as the most prominent medicinal plant and family used by traditional healers. The most frequent plant part used was leaves (34.5%) followed by rhizomes (17.3%), fruits (12.7%), and others. Most medicinal plants were gained from house yard (37.6%) with planting efforts as of 45.9%. The most prescribed method by traditional healers was by drinking the formula (97.2%) as many as two times a day (59.63%). The study clearly demonstrated whether traditional healers had a pivotal role in overcoming ailments and disease especially hypercholesterolemia in Java Island.