The aim of this study was to develop an "all-in-one" nanoplatform that integrates at the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region dye IR1061 and anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) into an apoferritin (AFN) nanocage (IR-AFN@PTX). Simultaneously, folic acid (FA), tumor target molecule, was conjugated onto IR-AFN@PTX to be IR-AFN@PTX-FA for tumortargeted and pH/NIR-II-triggered synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy. Methods: IR1061 was firstly reacted with PEG and then conjugated with AFN to be IR-AFN. Then, FA was conjugated onto the surface of IR-AFN to be IR-AFN-FA. At last, PTX was incorporated into IR-AFN-FA to fabricate a nanoplatform IR-AFN@PTX-FA. The NIR-II photothermal properties and pH/NIR-II triggered drug release were evaluated. The ability of IR-AFN@PTX-FA to target tumors was estimated using optical bioluminescence. In vitro and in vivo synergistic therapeutic effects of pH/NIR-II-triggered and tumor-targeted photothermal-chemotherapy were investigated in 4T1 tumor model. Results: IR-AFN@PTX-FA showed excellent water solubility and physiological stability, which significantly enhanced the solubility of both IR1061 and PTX. After 5 min of laser irradiation at 1064 nm, IR-AFN@PTX-FA exhibited an effective photothermal effect compared with laser irradiation at 808 nm, even when blocked with 0.6 cm thick chicken breast. Cellular uptake experiments showed IR-AFN@PTX-FA utilized clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathways to enter 4T1 cells, and was then delivered by the endosome to the lysosome. NIR-II laser irradiation and pH could synergistically trigger PTX release, inducing significant tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: As a novel "all-in-one" nanoplatform, IR-AFN@PTX-FA was found to selectively target tumors and showed very efficient NIR-II photothermal effects and pH/NIR-II triggered drug release effects, showing a remarkable, synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy effect.
Background: Traditional open surgery and laparoscopic surgery are common treatments for thyroid cancer patients, this paper aims to explore their effects on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in patients with thyroid cancer. Methods:The clinical data of patients with thyroid cancer who received surgery in our hospital from September 2017 to February 2020 were collected. In total, 106 cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The patients were then allocated into two groups according to the surgery received, including a study group (56 cases treated with endoscopy) and a basic group (50 cases treated with traditional open surgery). Rehabilitation indicators and inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups.Results: There was no significant difference in the number of intraoperative lymph node dissections (P>0.05), postoperative complication rate (16.08% vs. 20.00%, P>0.05), and 6-month rate of recurrence or metastasis (P>0.05) between the two groups. Compared to the basic group, the operation time of the study group was longer, while the amount of intraoperative blood loss, 24 h drainage of the catheter and the length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the study group (P<0.05). The pain scores of the study group at 24 and 48 h after surgery were significantly lower than those of the basic group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, Gal-3, and other inflammatory factors in the two groups increased on the first day postoperatively, however the levels of these factors in the study group were lower than those in the basic group (P<0.05).Finally, the postoperative cosmetic satisfaction rate of the study group (94.64%) was higher than that of the basic group (86.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:The use of laparoscopic treatment can reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss in patients with thyroid cancer, effectively reduce the degree of postoperative pain, and inhibit postoperative inflammation in the patient to a certain extent. Moreover, laparoscopic treatment can increase postoperative cosmetic satisfaction, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and recurrence rate, and improve the patient's prognosis.
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