Background Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a serious and common complication after spinal cord injury, affecting patients’ quality of life seriously. Therefore, we developed this research protocol to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive functional magnetic stimulation (rFMS) in the sacral nerve in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI) and provide more options for rFMS in treating NDO after suprasacral SCI. Methods This study is a single-center, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. We will recruit the patients with NDO after suprasacral SCI in the Rehabilitation Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2022 to August 2023. They will be assigned to the rFMS group and the sham stimulation group randomly. The sample size is 66, with 33 patients in each group. The rFMS group will receive real rFMS treatment of the sacral nerve (100% stimulation intensity, 5 Hz, 20 min each time, five times a week), and the sham group will receive sham stimulation. Both groups will receive similar treatment strategies, including medication, standard urine management, acupuncture treatment, and health education. The bladder compliance (bladder capacity/detrusor pressure) and pudendal nerve electromyography will be evaluated at baseline, 8th week of treatment. The residual volume of the bladder and bladder diary will be recorded once a week during 8 weeks of treatments. SCI-QOL and NBSS will be evaluated at baseline, the 4th and 8th week of treatment. In addition, the above assessments will be followed up at 8 weeks after the end of treatment. Discussion It is expected that the bladder function, symptoms, and quality of life might be significantly improved after rFMS of the sacral nerve. Trial registration The China Clinical Trials Registry has approved this study, registration number: ChiCTR2100045148. Registered on April 7, 2021.
Background: The mechanism of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-141-3p and Malat1 in autophagy in TNBC under hypoxia. Method: The expression levels of Malat1 and miR-141-3p were detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), HIF-2α, MMP9, p62 and LC3 were determined via western blotting. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, while a Transwell assay to detect cell proliferation and invasion. A luciferase assay was used to confirm the relationship between Malat1 and miR-141-3p. Results: A significant increase was observed in the expression level of Malat1 and the autophagic activity in TNBC tissues and cells. The expression level of Malat1 was higher in a hypoxic environment, which can significantly promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells by activating autophagy. HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, was identified to induce the upregulation of Malat1 in TNBC cells. The dual-luciferase assay results identified a miR-141-binding site in Malat1. Malat1 knockdown and miR-141-3p overexpression were demonstrated to significantly inhibit autophagy, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Moreover, hypoxia can inhibit the effect of miR-141-3p on TNBC cells. Conclusion: miR-141-3p could suppress autophagy and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting Malat1 in TNBC cells under hypoxia. The existence of the HIF-1α/Malat1/miR-141 axis plays a vital role in the development of TNBC and may be a target for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
Background Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a serious and common complication after spinal cord injury, affecting patients' quality of life. Therefore we developed this research protocol to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive functional magnetic stimulation (rFMS) in the sacral nerve in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI) and provide more options for rFMS in treating NDO after suprasacral SCI. Methods This study is a single-center, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. The sample size is 62, including 31 patients and 31 controls who will receive magnetic stimulation. We will recruit the patients with NDO after suprasacral SCI in the Rehabilitation Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2022 to August 2023. They will be assigned to the rFMS group and the sham stimulation group randomly. The rFMS group will receive real rFMS treatment of the sacral nerve (100% stimulation intensity, 5 Hz, twenty minutes each time, five times a week), and the sham group will receive sham stimulation. Both groups will receive similar treatment strategies, including medication, standard urine management, acupuncture treatment, and health evangelism. The bladder capacity, maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet) and pudendal nerve electromyography will be evaluated at baseline, 8th week of treatment. The residual volume of the bladder and bladder diary will be recorded once a week during 8 weeks of treatments. SCI-QOL and NBSS will be evaluated at baseline, the 4th and 8th week of treatment. In addition, the above assessments will be followed up at 8 weeks after the end of treatment. Discussion It is expected that the bladder function, symptoms and quality of life might be significantly improved after rFMS of the sacral nerve. Trial registration: The China Clinical Trials Registry has approved this study, registration number: ChiCTR2100045148.
Objective: This study aimed to observe the drugs distribution ex-vivo after transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by Shock Wave (SW), and to explore the different effects between two types of shock wave. Materials and Methods: Nine female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (i) control group; (ii) RESW group (0.35mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iii) FESW group (0.16mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse). Micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was used to observe the distribution of [18]F-NaF. Furthermore, 12 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: (i) control group; (ii) FESW group 1 (0.03mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iii) FESW group 2 (0.16mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iv) FESW group 3 (0.35mJ/mm2, 2 Hz, 400 pulse). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tested diclofenac sodium and glucose percutaneously TDD by FESW. Statistical significance was conducted by analysis of variance of repeated measurement. Results: The micro PET/CT observed FESW could penetrate [18]F-NaF through the skin, while RESW could not. The second study found the higher the energy of the FESW, the more diclofenac sodium and glucose penetration. Repeated measures analysis of variance found a within-subject effect (diclofenac sodium, F = 4.77, p = 0.03), (glucose, F = 8.95, p = 0.006), significant differences between the control group, FESW group 1, and FESW group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study found FESW can penetrate [18]F-NaF, sugar and diclofenac sodium into the rat body. FESW has a good indication of drug penetration, which provides new biological evidence for route administration.
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