Boiling water resistance, an important indicator of wood adhesives, represents the capability of adhesives for exterior woodwork applications. However, soy-based adhesives show poor behaviors in this respect, which limit their applications in outdoor environments. In this article, we report a synergistic modification method of integrating a cocrosslinking system of epoxied polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) and organosilicon-acrylate copolymer latexes (OACLs) to improve soybean meal (SM)-based adhesive properties. Tailored PAE and OACL SM-based adhesives demonstrated robust crosslinking structures via multi-interfacial interactions, where PAE and OACL served as building blocks of an interpenetrating network, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The dry-shear strength, wet-shear strength, and boiling water strength of the resulting SM-based adhesives were 1.41 6 0.13, 1.32 6 0.17, and 1.20 6 0.11 MPa, respectively, with 15 wt % OACL loading; these were 41, 45, and 90% increases, respectively, over the SM-PAE adhesive with which we compared them. Most importantly, the excellent boiling water resistance of the adhesives make them practical for exterior plywood.Crosslinking is a particularly effective approach for enhancing adhesion properties. Currently, aldehydes, epoxy compounds, natural gellan, and genipin are the most commonly used crosslinkers to form intrapenetrating or interpenetrating networks with a soy-protein matrix. 3,4,17 When the crosslinked adhesive is used under humid conditions, the uniform and tough network limits the permeation of water molecules and, thus, improves the adhesion performance. For example, Li and coworkers 18,19 designed a series of soy protein-based adhesives consisting of a covalently crosslinked polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) network and a physically crosslinked attapulgite or carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex network between soy-protein matrixes. The boiling water strength of these adhesives ranged V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The proper parameters of sanding with an abrasive sanding machine are significant to reduce energy consumption and to improve processing efficiency and quality. The influences of grit size (G), feed speed (U), sanding speed (V), and sanding thickness (Ts) on the sanding force (sF), normal force (nF), arithmetic mean deviation of profile (Ra), power consumption (P), and power efficiency (ε) were analyzed by the orthogonal method in this study. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) was adopted to evaluate sF, P, and Ra comprehensively and to determine the optimum sanding parameters. For both medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particle board (PB), G has the greatest impact on Ra. For MDF, Ts and G have great impacts on sF, G is also the significant factor affecting nF, whereas the significant factors affecting P are U and V. For PB, G, U, and Ts have great impacts on sF, while G and Ts are the significant factors for nF. Significant factors for P are V and Ts. For MDF and PB, when the weight vector (sF, Ra) is (0.3, 0.7), the optimum schemes are G80U3m/minV8.04,9.38,10.74m/sTs0.2,0.3mm and G80U3m/minV9.38m/sTs0.2mm, respectively, and when (sF, Ra) is (0.7, 0.3), the optimum schemes are G80U3,3.72m/minV6.69,8.04,9.38m/sTs0.2mm and G80U3m/minV8.04,9.38m/sTs0.2mm, respectively. Additionally, when the weight vector (P, Ra) is (0.3, 0.7) or (0.7, 0.3), the optimum scheme is G100U2.52m/minV5.35m/sTs0.1mm.

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The rigid, brittle, and expensive nature of chitosanbased film limits its application in food packaging despite its relevant advantages. Soy protein isolate (SPI) can be used to complement chitosan to mitigate these problems. In this study, we investigated the effects of SPI on the tensile strength (TS) and other properties of crosslinked chitosan-based biocomposite film by analyzing the TS, color change, thermal stability, and durability properties of the resultant films. The chitosan/SPI blended films were also characterized through attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the elongation at break (E b ) of chitosan-based film increased from 34.6% (control) to 83.3% after SPI addition. The thermal stability and homogeneity of the blended films also significantly increased. We also found that color changes that resulted from the introduction of SPI were slight and acceptable, that the durability properties of the blended films were not affected after SPI addition, and hydrogen bonds formed between chitosan and SPI. These findings represent a new potential approach to prepare low-cost and functional chitosan-based films by incorporating SPI. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:942-949, 2018.

The proper parameters of sanding with abrasive sanding machine are significant to reduce energy consumption and to improve processing efficiency and quality. The parameters sanding speed, feed speed, and granularity have been investigated in terms of the sanding force (sF) and normal force (nF) for particle board (PB) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). For PB, the sF and nF show decreasing trends of second power with increasing sanding speed and linear increase when feed speed increases. The sF and nF are almost constant when granularity increases from 40 to 80, but these forces show increasing trends of second power when granularity increases from 80 to 150. For MDF, the sF and nF change as trends of second power with increasing sanding speed and increase in trends of second power with increasing feed speed. The sF and nF force decrease when granularity increases from 40 to 80, but these forces present linear increasing trends when granularity increases from 80 to 150.