Diamond powder was synthesized through a metallic reduction-pyrolysis-catalysis route with the reaction of carbon tetrachloride and sodium at 700 degreesC, in which the sodium was used as reductant and flux. This temperature is much lower than that of traditional methods. The x-ray powder diffraction patterns showed three strong peaks of diamond. The Raman spectrum showed a sharp peak at 1332 inverse centimeters, which is characteristic of diamond. Although the yield was only 2 percent, this method is a simple means of forming diamond.

The microstructure of SnO& prepared by the sol-gel method, was studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and x-ray difFraction. A nanosponge structure was observed. There is much surface and interface structure. The interfaces vary in type from amorphous to crystalline. The high-density of defects greatly influences the physical and chemical properties of this material.

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