The
correlation of in vitro and in vivo assays for determining bioavailable Cd amounts in vegetables is
limited. Herein, the correlations between Cd relative bioavailability
(Cd-RBA) in rat models and Cd bioaccessibility in four in
vitro assays were examined in vegetables. Results showed
that the combined liver plus kidney data provided the appropriate
endpoint and was used as a biomarker to estimate Cd-RBA. The Cd-RBA
was negatively correlated with the mole ratio of Ca/Cd and Fe/Cd in
vegetables. Strong in vivo–in vitro correlations
were found from physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) (R
2 = 0.66–0.69). We concluded that PBET and IVG were
optimal models for Cd-RBA determination in vegetables. The nutritional
elements in the vegetables could affect Cd absorption. Furthermore,
the Cd bioavailability in vegetables should be considered because
risk estimates solely based on the total Cd concentration in vegetables
would overestimate Cd intake.
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