Reported here is a terminal‐selective, remote asymmetric hydroalkylation of olefins with racemic α‐bromo amides. The reaction proceeds by NiH‐catalyzed alkene isomerization and subsequent alkylation reaction, and can enantioconvergently introduce an unsymmetrical secondary alkyl group from a racemic α‐bromo amide onto a terminal C(sp3)−H position along the hydrocarbon chain of the alkene. This mild process affords a range of structurally diverse chiral α‐alkylalkanoic amides in excellent yields, and high regio‐ and enantioselectivities. In addition, the synthetic utility of this protocol is further highlighted by the regioconvergent conversion of industrial raw materials of isomeric olefin mixtures into enantioriched α‐alkylalkanoic amides on large scale.

The terminal-selective, remote C(sp )-H alkylation of alkenes was achieved by a relay process combining NiH-catalyzed hydrometalation, chain walking, and alkylation. This method enables the construction of unfunctionalized C(sp )-C(sp ) bonds under mild conditions from two simple feedstock chemicals, namely olefins and alkyl halides. The practical value of this transformation is further demonstrated by the large-scale and regioconvergent alkylation of isomeric mixtures of olefins at low catalyst loadings.

A study of electrical and optical properties of sputtered SnO2WO3 thin films AIP Conf.Growth twins in nanocrystalline SnO 2 thin films with grain size 5-50 nm have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. They show the ͕101͖͗101͘ geometry, metal atom mirror symmetry, and slight distortion of oxygen atoms. Multiple twins and step twin boundaries with a density about 10 15 m Ϫ2 were frequently observed in the films. It appears there are tin interstitials at step twin boundaries and, hence, electronic donors associated with the interstitials.

Recently, poly-γ-glutamic acid synthetase A (pgsA) has been applied to display exogenous proteins on the surface of Lactobacillus casei or Lactococcus lactis, which results in a surfacedisplayed component of bacteria. However, the ability of carrying genes encoded by plasmids and the expression efficiency of recombinant bacteria can be somewhat affected by the longer gene length of pgsA (1,143 bp); therefore, a truncated gene, pgsA, was generated based on the characteristics of pgsA by computational analysis. Using murine IL-10 as an exogenous gene, recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum was constructed and the capacity of the surface-displayed protein and functional differences between exogenous proteins expressed by these strains were evaluated. Surface expression of IL-10 on both recombinant bacteria with anchorins and the higher expression levels in L. plantarum-pgsA'-IL-10 were confirmed by western blot assay. Most importantly, up-regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with Poly(I:C) or LPS was exacerbated after co-culture with L. plantarum-pgsA. By contrast, IL-10 expressed by these recombinant strains could reduce these factors, and the expression of these factors was associated with recombinant strains that expressed anchorin (especially in L. plantarum-pgsA'-IL-10) and was significantly lower compared with the anchorin-free strains. These findings indicated that exogenous proteins could be successfully displayed on the surface of L. plantarum by pgsA or pgsA', and the expression of recombinant bacteria with pgsA' was superior compared with bacteria with pgsA.

The terminal‐selective, remote C(sp3)−H alkylation of alkenes was achieved by a relay process combining NiH‐catalyzed hydrometalation, chain walking, and alkylation. This method enables the construction of unfunctionalized C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds under mild conditions from two simple feedstock chemicals, namely olefins and alkyl halides. The practical value of this transformation is further demonstrated by the large‐scale and regioconvergent alkylation of isomeric mixtures of olefins at low catalyst loadings.