The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were analyzed in an attempt to gain further insight into its genomic expression patterns. A total of 1,277 ESTs of A. cantonensis were randomly downloaded from NCBI databank. ESTs were analyzed and annotated using Blastx. The result showed that there were 60 ESTs had no match to any of the proteins and gene sequences in the published databases, and 695 ESTs score more than 80. According to the function, the identified 695 ESTs could be grouped into 13 categories related to metabolism, cellular development, immune evasion, host-parasite interactions, and so on. Among them, 65 (9.4%) were proteases and protease inhibitors, represented 19 potential proteases and protease inhibitors genes; 42 (6.0%) were allergens or antigens, represented 15 potential antigens/allergens genes. Signal P analysis was applied to the 19 putative proteases and protease inhibitors and the 15 antigens/allergens protein sequences to identify the potential signal peptides and anchors. The result demonstrated that there were ten putative proteins had N-terminal signal peptides and three had signal anchors, these putative excretory/secretory proteins might be the products of potential parasitism genes which played an important role in the adaptation of A. cantonensis to a parasitism life. These parasitism genes and proteins identified are expected to become potential targets for future research on anti-A. cantonensis drugs; moreover, the resulting genetic information is useful in elucidating the mechanisms of parasitism of A. cantonensis.
Herein, we presented a novel and highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of dihydropyrazoles via Pd‐catalyzed carboamination reaction of alkenyl hydrazones with aryl triflates. The simultaneous formation of C−C and C−N bonds in one step is particularly appealing. This methodology provides a practical and efficient avenue of the synthesis of diversely aryl substituted dihydropyrazoles in good yields.
Background: Corneal keratoconus (KC) is a dilated corneal disease characterized by a central thinning of the cornea, which protrudes into a conical shape and seriously affects vision. However, due to the complex etiology of keratoconus, it is not yet clear and there is no effective treatment method. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death mechanism related to lipid peroxidation, stress, and amino acid metabolism, playing a crucial role in various diseases. This study aims to explore the relationship between keratoconus and ferroptosis, and provide new insights for the treatment of keratoconus diseases
Methods: The corresponding mRNA microarray expression matrix data of KC patients were obtained from GEO database (GEO204791). Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were selected to screen hub genes. And the hub genes were overlapped with ferroptosis genes (FRGs) from FerrDb. GO and GSEA were performed to analyze differential pathways, ssGSEA was used to determine immune status, and then, feasible drugs were predicted by gene-drug network. At the same time, we predicted the miRNA and IncRNA of hub genes to identify the underlying mechanism of disease and predicted the treatment of disease.
Results: The epithelial transcriptome from keratoconus tissue mRNA microarray data (GSE204791) was extracted for the main analysis, including eight epithelial cells (EKC) and eight epithelial control cells (EN). The differential genes that were overlapped by WGCAN, SVM-RFE and FRGs were mainly related to oxidative stress, immune regulation, cellular inflammation and metal ion transport. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) was selected out, through further analysis, and negatively correlated with mature CD56 natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. And then, gene-drug interaction network analysis and miRNA prediction were performed through the website. At the end, A total of four Immune-related drugs (INDOMETHACIN, DAUNORUBICIN, DOXORUBICIN,DOCETAXEL) and a miRNA (has-miR-184) were screened to predict potential drugs and targets for disease treatment.
Conclusion: For the first time , we associated KC with ferroptosis, searched for differential genes to predict the drug targets of gene immunotherapy. Our findings provided a viewpoint and insight for the analysis and treatment of KC.
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