Bi2S3 is a promising negative electrode material for lithium storage owing to its high theoretical capacity. During the Bi2S3/C synthesis process, the carbonization of H3BTC prevents aggregation of Bi2S3 particles, with an average diameter of 60 nm.
MnO2 nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the surface of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-67 and ZIF-8) with ligand modification via a facile method with no other impurities introduced, with an average diameter of less than 10 nm. The MnO2/ZIF-COOH composites with stable structures can effectively alleviate expansion tension and provide a fast ion transport channel during electrochemical performance tests. The introduction of carboxyl (-COOH) increases the specific capacity due to Li insertion, enhances the conductivity with ionization, and improves stability through the formation of H-bonds. When used as an anode for lithium ion batteries, the MnO2/ZIF-67-COOH composite exhibits an excellent rate performance (1208 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1, 931 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1, 828 mA h g-1 at 200 mA g-1, 684 mA h g-1 at 500 mA g-1, 566 mA h g-1 at 1000 mA g-1, 431 mA h g-1 at 2000 mA g-1, and 242 mA h g-1 at 5000 mA g-1) and high cycle stability even at high rates (a high capacity of 664 mA h g-1 is achieved at 1000 mA g-1 and is maintained at approximately 100% after 100 cycles).
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