When excited over a periodic metamaterial lattice of gold nanoparticles (~ 100nm), localized plasmon resonances (LPR) can be coupled by a diffraction wave propagating along the array plane, which leads to a drastic narrowing of plasmon resonance lineshapes (down to a few nm full-width-at-half-maximum) and the generation of singularities of phase of reflected light. These phenomena look very promising for the improvement of performance of plasmonic biosensors, but conditions of implementation of such diffractively coupled plasmonic resonances, also referred to as plasmonic surface lattice resonances (PSLR), are not always compatible with biosensing arrangement implying the placement of the nanoparticles between a glass substrate and a sample medium (air, water). Here, we consider conditions of excitation and properties of PSLR over arrays of glass substrate-supported single and double Au nanoparticles (~ 100-200nm), arranged in a periodic metamaterial lattice, in direct and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) geometries, and assess their sensitivities to variations of refractive index (RI) of the adjacent sample dielectric medium. First, we identify medium (PSLR, PSLR for air and water, respectively) and substrate (PSLR) modes corresponding to the coupling of individual plasmon oscillations at medium- and substrate-related diffraction cut-off edges. We show that spectral sensitivity of medium modes to RI variations is determined by the lattice periodicity in both direct and ATR geometries (~ 320nm per RIU change in our case), while substrate mode demonstrates much lower sensitivity. We also show that phase sensitivity of PSLR can exceed 10 degrees of phase shift per RIU change and thus outperform the relevant parameter for all other plasmonic sensor counterparts. We finally demonstrate the applicability of surface lattice resonances in plasmonic metamaterial arrays to biosensing using standard streptavidin-biotin affinity model. Combining advantages of nanoscale architectures, including drastic concentration of electric field, possibility of manipulation at the nanoscale etc, and high phase and spectral sensitivities, PSLRs promise the advancement of current state-of-the-art plasmonic biosensing technology toward single molecule label-free detection.

A cross‐industry survey was conducted to assess the landscape of preclinical quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling within pharmaceutical companies. This article presents the survey results, which provide insights on the current state of preclinical QSP modeling in addition to future opportunities. Our results call attention to the need for an aligned definition and consistent terminology around QSP, yet highlight the broad applicability and benefits preclinical QSP modeling is currently delivering.

Two-dimensional materials hold a great promise for developing extremely fast, compact and inexpensive optoelectronic devices. A molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2) monolayer is an important example which shows strong, stable and gate tunable optical response even at room temperature near excitonic transitions. However, optical properties of a MoS 2 monolayer are not documented well. Here, we investigate the electric field effect on optical properties of a MoS 2 monolayer and extract the dependence of MoS 2 optical constants on gating voltage. The field effect is utilised to achieve~10% visible light modulation for a hybrid electro-optical waveguide modulator based on MoS 2. A suggested hybrid nanostructure consists of a CMOS compatible Si 3 N 4 dielectric waveguide sandwiched between a thin gold film and a MoS 2 monolayer which enables a selective enhancement of polarised electroabsorption in a narrow window of angles of incidence and a narrow wavelength range near MoS 2 exciton binding energies. The possibility to modulate visible light with 2D materials and the robust nature of light modulation by MoS 2 could be useful for creation of reliable ultra-compact electro-optical hybrid visible-light modulators.

Plasmonic biosensing has emerged as the most sensitive label-free technique to detect various molecular species in solutions and has already proved crucial in drug discovery, food safety and studies of bio-reactions. This technique relies on surface plasmon resonances in ~50 nm metallic films and the possibility to functionalize the surface of the metal in order to achieve selectivity. At the same time, most metals corrode in bio-solutions, which reduces the quality factor and darkness of plasmonic resonances and thus the sensitivity. Furthermore, functionalization itself might have a detrimental effect on the quality of the surface, also reducing sensitivity. Here we demonstrate that the use of graphene and other layered materials for passivation and functionalization broadens the range of metals which can be used for plasmonic biosensing and increases the sensitivity by 3-4 orders of magnitude, as it guarantees stability of a metal in liquid and preserves the plasmonic resonances under biofunctionalization. We use this approach to detect low molecular weight HT-2 toxins (crucial for food safety), achieving phase sensitivity~0.5 fg/mL, three orders of magnitude higher than previously reported. This proves that layered materials provide a new platform for surface plasmon resonance biosensing, paving the way for compact biosensors for point of care testing.

Understanding the unique characteristics of plexcitons, hybridized states resulting from the strong coupling between plasmons and excitons, is vital for both fundamental studies and practical applications in nano-optics. However, the research of plexcitons from the perspective of chiral optics has been rarely reported. Here, we experimentally investigate the optical chirality of plexcitonic systems consisting of composite metal nanoparticles and chiral J-aggregates in the strong coupling regime. Mode splitting and anticrossing behavior are observed in both the circular dichroism (CD) and extinction spectra of the hybrid nanosystems. A large mode splitting (at zero detuning) of up to 136 meV/214 meV in CD/extinction measurements confirms that the systems attain the strong coupling regime. This phenomenon indicates that the formation of plexcitons modifies not only the extinction but also the optical chirality of the hybrid systems. We develop a quasistatic theory to elucidate the chiral optical responses of hybrid systems. Furthermore, we propose and justify a criterion of strong plasmon–exciton interaction: the mode splitting in the CD spectra (at zero detuning) is larger than half of that in the extinction spectra. Our findings give a chiral perspective on the study of strong plasmon–exciton coupling and have potential applications in the chiral optical field.

The exploitation of strong light−matter interactions in chiral plasmonic nanocavities may enable exceptional physical phenomena and lead to potential applications in nanophotonics, information communication, etc. Therefore, a deep understanding of strong light−matter interactions in chiral plasmonic−excitonic (plexcitonic) systems constructed by a chiral plasmonic nanocavity and molecular excitons is urgently needed. Herein, we systematically studied the strong light−matter interactions in gold nanorodbased chiral plexcitonic systems assembled on DNA origami. Rabi splitting and anticrossing behavior were observed in circular dichroism spectra, manifesting chiroptical characteristic hybridization. The bisignate line shape of the circular dichroism (CD) signal allows the accurate discrimination of hybrid modes. A large Rabi splitting of ∼205/∼199 meV for left-handed/right-handed plexcitonic nanosystems meets the criterion of strong coupling. Our work deepens the understanding of light−matter interactions in chiral plexcitonic nanosystems and will facilitate the development of chiral quantum optics and chiroptical devices.

Orally administered drugs are subject to a number of barriers impacting bioavailability (F oral ), causing challenges during drug and formulation development. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling can help during drug and formulation development by providing quantitative predictions through a systems approach. The performance of three overpredictions. Discrepancies between software packages were observed for a few APIs, the largest being 606, 171, and 81.7-fold differences in AFE between SimCYP and GI-Sim, however average performance was relatively consistent across the three software platforms. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Keywords:Physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK); modelling and simulation (M&S); absorption; oral bioavailability (F oral ); biopharmaceutics; drug database Abbreviations

Light scattered by an object contains plethora information about the object which is distributed evenly among all possible Fourier components of light observed in the far-field. There are some cases, however, where this information is accumulated in the light confined by the object and then encoded in just a few coherent optical beams. Here, Fourier nanotransducers based on 2D plasmonic metamaterials are introduced, which are capable of confining light in 2D plane contacting with a functional interface, gathering information about its properties, and then transmitting the information into discrete optical beams with amplified phase relations. It is shown that phase of light in such beams can be used for probing dynamic physical properties of 2D materials and performing bio/chemical sensing with unprecedented sensitivity. Using a Fourier transducer based on periodic gold nanostructures, ferroelectric response from a single atomic layer of MoS 2 is resolved and studied for the first time, as well as the detection of important antibiotic chloramphenicol at fg mL −1 level is demonstrated, which several orders of magnitude better than reported in the literature. The implementation of phase-responsive Fourier nanotransducers opens new avenues in exploration of emergent 2D structures and radical improvement of biosensing technology. nanostructured metasurfaces providing new laws of reflection and refraction as well as designer beam shapers. [5,6] Systematic studies of light phase changes in space domain have a long successful history and resulted in several breakthrough technologies, such as holography [7] and phase contrast. [8] Changes of light phase under evolution of a nanomaterial with time attracted significantly less attention. This seems to be surprising as behavior of light phase in time domain was paramount for detection of faint signals associated with gravitational waves [9] and important for development of compact and fast phase light modulators [10] among others important advancements.Nanotransducers enabling manipulations of light phase in 2D plane are of particular importance as they could provide breakthrough tools for studying properties of planar structures and functional interfaces, including newly emerging 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures [11] that promise appealing applications in electronics, optics, photochemistry, biomedicine, etc. The optical response of 2D materials was extensively used for elucidating their physical properties; however, currently available methods (absorption spectroscopy, Raman, photoluminescence) provide mostly basic information and have obstacles in gathering dynamic Sensors/Biosensors