This paper introduces a novel concept of the image-processing technique to visualize a two-dimensional flow field and to generate streaks with embedded time marks in real time. Grey levels of a pixel are used in this work to encode the temporal information rather than the intensity of particle trajectories used in conventional image-processing systems. To do this, the incoming video image is first binarized by a step function predefined in an input look-up table, with the height of the step varying with time to bear temporal marks. A real-time arithmetic-logic unit and an image-frame buffer are used to accumulate the images. These processes result in continuous streaks with embedded time marks which have many advantages over those recorded by conventional techniques. Pseudo-color output look-up tables and color monitor provide more direct and intuitive means for human visual perception. This color-coded particle tracking velocimetry was applied to investigate natural convection in an enclosure heated from below with an isothermal extrusion. By quantifying the color-coded streaks, velocity vectors were obtained at a discrete number of points with less labor. The present technique provides an elaborate tool for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative realizations of steady and slowly varying flow felds.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">Network coding technique increases wireless network communication efficiency. Wireless multihop relay network has been shown to achieve capacity gain over conventional single-hop wireless networks. Hybrid wireless relay networks integrate multihop ad hoc relay and infrastructure base stations to achieve better wireless network performance. Applying the promising network coding technique to hybrid wireless relay networks could increase wireless network capacity. Capacity of multihop cellular network with network coding is derived. To enhance network throughput, data forwarding strategy is proposed to determine if a packet should be transmitted through intra-cell ad hoc relay, inter-cell ad hoc relay, or infrastructure-assisted inter-cell transmission.</span></p>
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