Background Introducing new goat breeds or transferring adult goats from farms to slaughterhouses requires transportation, which can engender adverse effects, such as oxidative stress, pathological cell apoptosis and autophagy. Current evidence suggests that malondialdehyde (MDA) is a metabolite of lipid peroxidation during oxidative stress, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) can alleviate injury caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, Bcl-2, Bax, LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin are important proteins that participate in pathological cell apoptosis and autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transportation stress on oxidative stress indexes and expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin in the small intestine of goats. Twelve healthy adult male goats from western Jiangxi province were randomly divided into control, 2 h transportation stress, and 6 h transportation stress groups (n = 4 per group). Results Our results showed that MDA in the small intestine significantly increased after transportation, while SOD and CAT activities decreased, with a significantly increased apoptosis rate of the small intestine cells. The jejunum and duodenum exhibited the highest apoptosis rate in the 2 h and 6 h transportation groups, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax and their corresponding proteins exhibited varying degrees of down-regulation or up-regulation, while Bcl-2 and Bax genes in the small intestine were upregulated in the 6 h transportation group. In addition, autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes were found in various parts of the small intestine by transmission electron microscopy, and autophagy-related genes LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin were significantly down-regulated in the 2 h group and up-regulated in the 6 h group. Conclusions Our results indicate that the contents of MDA, SOD and CAT in the small intestine, the expression of pathologic apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax, and autophagy-related genes LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin correlated with stress duration caused by transportation. Moreover, this study provides a foothold for further studies on the mechanism of transportation stress in goats and improving animal welfare.

Objective RAD51 is a DNA repair protein, which participates in the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy/chemotherapy and reduces the therapeutic effect. Based on the research status of RAD51 at home and abroad and the analysis of online databases, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between RAD51 expression and clinical patient survival and prognosis. It is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of lung cancer patients, help identify new molecular markers, and provide new targets for the biological therapy of lung cancer patients. Methods the RNA Seq data of NSCLC in TCGA database were downloaded, and the expression of RAD51 gene in NSCLC and normal tissues were analyzed by R studio software. Clinical correlation analysis revealed its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the expression level and the prognosis of patients. CIBERSORT and TIMER were used to evaluate the correlation between the expression level of CIBERSORT and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The protein expression level of RAD51 in non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated by HPA. Results RAD51 was highly expressed in lung cancer (p<0.05), which was significantly associated with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients (p=0.0026), but not with lung squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.76). The expression level of RAD51 mRNA was associated with different pathological stages of lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.000528), but not with different pathological stages of lung squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.326). RAD51 was positively correlated with the expression of TP53, BRAF, EGFR, MYC, PD-L1, and KRAS (p<0.001). In lung adenocarcinoma, lung cancer cells were positively correlated with CD4+memory T cells, CD8+T cells, and M1 macrophages (p<0.001). In lung squamous cell carcinoma, tumor cells were positively correlated with M1 macrophages (p<0.05), but not with CD4+T memory cells, CD8+T cells, M2 macrophages, and Tregs cells (p>0.05). The HPA database indicated that RAD51 protein was positive in non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusion RAD51 is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. RAD51 can be used as a biomarker related to the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer and is expected to become a target for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

SummaryTo investigate how host cells respond to the hijacking of host cells by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and affect their gene expression in the process of infection by LM. In this study, three data lines in the GEO database were used for differential expression analysis. The results showed that 34 co-expressed genes (DEGs) were selected from the differential expression analysis of three data lines. Among them, 30 genes were co-up-regulated and 4 genes were co-down-regulated. In the blood test group, 131 genes were up-regulated and 28 genes were down-regulated. In the liver, 132 genes were up-regulated and 18 genes were down-regulated. In the spleen, 142 genes were up-regulated and 11 genes were down-regulated. Among the 30 upregulated IDEGs, GBP3, MB21D1, FPR2, SAMHD1, CXCL10, STAT2, IRF1, and STAT1 genes were involved in the defense response to the virus, type i interferon signaling pathway, and inflammatory response. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that 30 up-regulated genes were enriched in cytoplasmic spermatoproteasome complex, proteasome core complex, and cell membrane lateral signaling pathway, which were involved in the regulation of threonine-type endopeptidase activity and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) signaling process.

Background Introducing new goat breeds or moving adult goat meat from the farm to the slaughterhouse requires transportation. However, the transportation process can engender potential adverse effects on these animals, such as oxidative stress, pathological cell apoptosis and autophagy. Current evidence suggests that malondialdehyde (MDA) is a metabolite of oxidative stress, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) can alleviate the injury caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. Meanwhile, Bcl-2, Bax, LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin are important proteins that participate in pathological cell apoptosis and autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transportation stress on oxidative stress indexes and expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin in the small intestine of goats. Twelve healthy adult male goats from western Jiangxi province were randomly divided into control, 2h transportation stress, and 6h transportation stress groups (n = 4 per group). Results Our results showed that MDA in the small intestine increased significantly after transportation, while SOD and CAT activities decreased, with a significantly increased apoptosis rate of the small intestine. The highest apoptosis rate of the jejunum and duodenum was in the 2h and 6h transportation groups, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax and their corresponding proteins exhibited varying degrees of downregulation or upregulation, while the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in the small intestine were upregulated in the 6h transportation group. In addition, autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes were found in various parts of the small intestine by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression levels of autophagy-related genes LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin were significantly downregulated in the 2h group and upregulated in the 6h group. Conclusions Our results indicate that the contents of MDA, SOD and CAT in the small intestine, the expression of pathologic apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax, and autophagy-related genes LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin correlated with the stress duration caused by transportation. Moreover, this study provides a foothold for further studies on the mechanism of transportation stress in goats for prevention and treatment.