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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of hospital- and community-acquired infections globally. The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has led to the widespread usage of higher antibiotics such as vancomycin and linezolid, leading to the emergence of resistance to these reserved antibiotics.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the burden of MRSA infections in various setups.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The isolates were identified as S. aureus by phenotypic methods such as Gram stain, colony morphology, and standard biochemical reactions. The antimicrobial susceptibility of all S. aureus isolates was determined. The cefoxitin disk diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines was used to interpret the isolates as MRSA.
Results: Out of 12500 different types of samples processed, 190 isolates of S. aureus were identified. Among them, 102 (53.68%) were found to be MRSA and 88 (46.32%) were found to be methicillin-sensitive S. aureus.
Conclusion: The rising trend of MRSA stresses the need for continuous monitoring of MRSA and their antibiogram. Regular MRSA surveillance of health-care workers to identify MRSA carriers, strict hand hygiene compliance, and formulation of antibiotic policies to prevent overuse and misuse of antibiotics with effective infection control practices are the most effective ways to prevent MRSA infection.
Background: The main aim of this study was to monitor the antimicrobial resistant pattern of Salmonella isolates to select proper antibiotic & prevent drug resistance in Salmonella species. Material and Methods: Total 250 blood culture bottles were collected from patients clinically suspected enteric fever and loaded to BACTEC 9050. Out of them 200 signalled positive samples were inoculated on chocolate and Mac Conkey agar plates and incubated overnight at 370 C in the incubator and identified by colony characteristics, procedures like Gram staining, wet preparation for motility and bio-chemical reactions like oxidase test, catalase test, triple sugar iron agar, Citrate test, using Salmonella antisera like Poly O, O-9, and H-d. The clinical isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test on Mueller-Hinton agar, using modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Total 61 Salmonella were isolated. 49 were Salmonella typhi and 12 were Salmonella paratyphi. Overall rate of resistance of 49 S. typhi isolates was 2 % to ampicillin, 4 % to Azithromycin, 4 % to fluoroquinolones and 2 % to co-trimoxazole. S. paratyphi isolates were 100% sensitive to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusion: Enteric fever is one such infection which poses challenges in antimicrobial resistance. Continuous surveillance is important to track bacterial resistance and to treat infections in a cost-effective manner.
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