Cranioplasty may improve neurological function, and earlier cranioplasty may enhance this effect. Future prospective studies evaluating long-term, comprehensive neurological outcomes will be required to establish the true effect of cranioplasty on neurological outcome.

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The electronic health record (EHR) contains a large amount of multi-dimensional and unstructured clinical data of significant operational and research value. Distinguished from previous studies, our approach embraces a double-annotated dataset and strays away from obscure "black-box" models to comprehensive deep learning models. In this paper, we present a novel neural attention mechanism that not only classifies clinically important findings. Specifically, convolutional neural networks (CNN) with attention analysis are used to classify radiology head computed tomography reports based on five categories that radiologists would account for in assessing acute and communicable findings in daily practice. The experiments show that our CNN attention models outperform non-neural models, especially when trained on a larger dataset. Our attention analysis demonstrates the intuition behind the classifier's decision by generating a heatmap that highlights attended terms used by the CNN model; this is valuable when potential downstream medical decisions are to be performed by human experts or the classifier information is to be used in cohort construction such as for epidemiological studies.

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T2-SPACE may be equivalent or superior to T2-FSE for the evaluation of cervical spine anatomic structures, and T2-SPACE shows a lower degree of CSF pulsation artifact.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Thickening of the LF is ascribed to buckling due to DSN. Uncertainty exists as to whether this can occur without DSN. Our primary hypothesis was that facet degenerative changes alone, independent of DSN, can thicken the LF. Our secondary hypothesis was that inflammatory changes surrounding degenerative facet joints may incite thickening.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:There are no standard screening guidelines to evaluate blunt cerebrovascular injury in children. The purpose of this retrospective study was to understand the clinical and radiologic risk factors associated with pediatric blunt cerebrovascular injury on CTA of the neck with primary attention to the cervical "seatbelt sign."