Introduction The cyclical changes of hormones during the menstrual cycle are responsible not only for reproductive function but also have other effects on dietary intake and appetite. The current study aimed to investigate the variations of appetite-related hormones (ghrelin and obestatin) during the menstrual cycle and their association with adipokines, estrogen, and BMI. Methods Fifty-six regularly menstruating female students were grouped into normal weight (BMI ≤24.9; n = 26), and overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥25; n = 30). Serum ghrelin, obestatin, leptin, adiponectin, and estrogen levels were measured during the early follicular, preovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle using the ELISA technique. Results There were insignificant differences in the levels of serum ghrelin, obestatin, and ghrelin/obestatin ratio across menstrual cycle phases in the whole cohort as well as in each group separately (p > 0.05). Serum ghrelin was significantly less in OW-OB as compared to the NW group (p = 0.005), whereas the average serum obestatin did not show any significant differences between the two groups. No significant correlation was seen between ghrelin and obestatin with the adipokines and estradiol. Conclusion Significant low level of ghrelin was observed in obese group during the follicular phase. This finding may provide new insights into the altered ghrelin patterns in OW-OB individuals, as a cause or a consequence of obesity and related menstrual disorders.
Lateral medullary syndrome (LMS), also known as Wallenberg syndrome, is a cerebrovascular event following ischemia of the lateral part of the medulla oblongata. Some of its etiologies include atherosclerotic changes, hypertension, thromboembolism, vertebral artery dissection (VAD), and aneurysm. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with LMS with a gradual onset of atypical symptoms of LMS, which has led to a late diagnosis of our patient. VAD is a commonly recognized cause of stroke in young people and it is a more frequent cause of LMS than posterior inferior cerebellar artery diseases. This case highlights the importance of early identification of signs and symptoms and that appropriate investigation should take place to optimize patient life quality and prognosis.
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