Artificial seeds are artificially encapsulated somatic embryos (usually) or other vegetative parts such as shoot buds, cell aggregates, auxiliary buds, or any other micropropagules which can be sown as a seed and converted into a plant under in vitro or in vivo conditions. An improved artificial seed production technique is considered a valuable alternate technology of propagation in many commercially important crops and a significant method for mass propagation of elite plant genotypes. The production of plant clones multiplied by tissue culture and distributed as artificial seeds could be a useful alternative to the costly F1 hybrids for different plant crops. The delivery of artificial seeds also facilitates issues such as undertaking several ways for scaling up in vitro cultures and acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. The development of an artificial seed technique also provides a great approach for the improvement of various plant species such as trees and crops.

This study investigated the effect of drought on the growth and yield components of two Iraqi wheat varieties (Tamooz 2 and Adana 99) and the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid and molybdenum. Drought significantly decreased the growth rate and had a negative impact on the yield components in both varieties and it was confirmed that the yield and growth of Tamooz 2 variety was significantly better than Adana 99. It was demonstrated that salicylic acid and molybdenum improved the performance of both varieties of Iraqi wheat under both wellwatered and drought conditions. However, salicylic acid had a better general effect than molybdenum, although the difference was not significant in some of the studied parameters. The application of salicylic acid at a relatively low concentration was shown to have the most positive impact on the physiological, yield and growth parameters. We believe that the current study could have an important practical application in the field of cereal production