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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global issue now, can have a variety of clinical manifestations. Hundreds of articles have discussed different aspects of this infectious disease, such as physiopathology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment protocols. Recently, neurological manifestations of the disease have been found to be pretty common among COVID-19 patients. Here, neurological symptoms of COVID-19 infection with a focus on non-cerebrovascular complications are discussed in a large study population. Methods Neurological symptoms of 891hospitalized COVID-19 patients from March to June 2020 in a major Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were reviewed. Demographic characteristics and neurological manifestations were analyzed. Results Among 891 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the following symptoms were observed: headache(63.9%),sleeping problems(51.3%), hyposmia/anosmia(46%), dizziness(45.4%), hypogeusia (42.1%),memory issues(31.5%), auditory disturbances(17.5%), paralysis(3.7%) and seizures(1.7%). In 29.7% of the patients, a neurological symptom was the initiating symptoms of the infection. Females were more likely to show headache and dizziness compared to males (p value<0.05). Headache intensity was also higher in females compared to males (p value<0.05). Headache prevalence was lower in older patients (p value<0.05), while memory loss and impaired consciousness were higher by increasing age (p values= 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Neurological manifestations were common among COVID-19 patients under study. Headache, as the most common neurological symptom among COVID-19 patients, was the most prevalent and intense among the female population. Headache, dizziness, sleeping problems, hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia were common COVID-19 neurological manifestations, while memory issues, auditory disturbances, paralysis, and seizures were less common.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading around the world. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically present fever, cough, and respiratory illnesses. It has been revealed that the comorbidities can turn it into severe types, and the managements meet unpredicted complications. Here, we report a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) coincidence with confirmed acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Ten days after admission and therapeutic process, the patient developed autonomic dysfunction. Despite respiratory support and receiving intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient died due to cardiac arrest. Albeit it is yet scientifically doubtful, there are raising concerns toward a possible association between GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating potential neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Keywords Acute respiratory distress syndrome • COVID-19 • Guillain-Barré syndrome Abbreviations ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome CSF Cerebrospinal fluid COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 GBS Guillain-Barré syndrome IVIG Intravenous immunoglobulin MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome RT-PCR Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 EMG Electromyography NCV Nerve conduction velocity * Reza Ranjbar

The COVID-19 mainly causes respiratory disorders with high infection and severe morbidity and mortality. Neurologists have concerns about potential neurological side effects, profits, and timing of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to review systematically research for the COVID-19 vaccine and neurological complications. Data was searched in Scopus, ISI web of knowledge, Medline, PubMed, Wiley, Embase, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Two reviewer authors individually searched and assessed the titles and abstracts of all articles. The third reviewer resolved disagreement between them. Data were documented regarding study location, study design, type of complications, number of patients, various types of COVID-19 vaccine, and type of neurological complications. Six studies in COVID-19 vaccine and neurological complications include two studies about neurological manifestations after the mRNA vaccines, four records about side effects of vector-based vaccine were included in the study. The main neurological complication associated mRNA vaccines were body aches, paresthesia, and difficulty walking, erythema migrans lesion, fatigue, myalgia, and pain in the left lateral deltoid region. The major neurological complication related to vector-based vaccines were urinary retention difficulty, feeding and ambulating, arm soreness, mild fatigue, chills, left-sided facial droop, headaches, a generalized epileptic seizure, hemianopia, and mild aphasia, acute somnolence and right-hand hemiparesis, acute transverse myelitis, deep vein thrombosis in her left leg, a vigilance disorder and a twitching, a severe immobilizing opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, and encephalitis. A large spectrum of severe neurological unfavorable has been reported. These complications could occur as a result of molecular stimulation and later neuronal damage. Generally, the advantages of COVID‐19 vaccination are dominant on the risks of a neurological complication at both individual and population levels. Future investigations will be required to find any relationship between neurological complications and COVID‐19 vaccines principally as new strains of the virus and new vaccines are technologically advanced against them.

Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), also known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is an idiopathic systemic disease typically affecting the lungs, although other organs may also be involved. Case presentation A 28-year-old male was admitted to Baqiyatallah university hospital in Teheran (Iran) after a 3-week history of fever and productive cough. The patient gradually developed fatigue, arthralgia, hematuria, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, hemoptysis, weight loss, oliguria and then anuria. Chest-X-ray (CXR) and computerized tomography scan revealed cavitating nodular opacities in the right lung lobe. Furthermore, plasma creatinine increased from 2.2 to 4 mg/dl in a few days. Histopathological examination of kidney biopsy revealed peri-glomerular and peri-vascular inflammation, degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelial lining, red blood cell casts, distorted glomerular structure, fibrin thrombi, segmental breaks of the glomerular basal membrane, disruption of Bowman's capsular membrane and crescent formation of the affected glomeruli. An abnormal CXR, an abnormal urinary sediment and a typical kidney histology were used as criteria to diagnose glomerulonefritis with poliangiitis (GPA). Bronchoalveolar lavage smear and PCR turned out positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. After 3 months of treatment for (GPA) and tuberculosis the patient developed headache and seizure. Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Venography revealed cerebral venous thrombosis of the sinus transverse and sigmoid. Conclusions Tuberculosis may coexist with GPA, as it occurred in our patient. Since a crescentic glomerulonephritis can progress to renal failure, clinicians should always be aware of potential multiple conditions when considering differential diagnoses.

"Introduction: Human papillomavirus infection considers one of the leading causes of infection-related cancer worldwide. The general public's range of knowledge and understanding of human papillomavirus is low; the present study was done intending to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of patients with human papillomavirus and the effectiveness of educational intervention in those patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. The study population included patients with genital human papillomavirus referred to Dermatology Clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital in 2020. The patients filled out a pre-test questionnaire. In the next step, they were trained by the treating physician about the disease, transmission ways, complications, treatment methods, and laboratory tests, and available vaccines. After that, an educational pamphlet was given to the patient to complete and review the information. Moreover, a post-test was performed in the patient's next visit. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: 92 patients were included in the study. The levels of knowledge and attitude of patients were between 50 to 65% before training and training had a significant impact on improving the level of knowledge and attitude of patients (P 0.001) so that the level of knowledge and attitude of patients reached above 95%. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and level of education were not related to the initial knowledge and attitude of individuals based on the statistical analysis (P 0.05). However, the knowledge of married people about the complications of the disease was more than single ones (P = 0.032). Conclusion: the level of knowledge about human papillomavirus and its complications, transmission ways, prevention and treatment is low, which has increased with training significantly "

Background: The field of neurology encompasses a wide range of disease types, and recognizing the most common manifestations of these diseases, particularly in subgroups, is critical for improving appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of common manifestations of neurological diseases in patients referred to a military hospital’s internal neurology clinic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of patients referred to the internal neurology clinic of a reference military hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2020. The sampling was done at random using a checklist. Finally data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: Women made up the majority of patients in 336 samples 182 (54.2 %) versus 154 (45.8 %). The patients’ average age was 49.5±16.5 years, with 28.3 % (n=95) being elderly. The three most common complaints raised by patients were headache, movement disorder, and sensory disorder, accounting for 29.5%, 27.7%, and 27.7% of complaints, respectively. Seventeen patients (5.1%) also mentioned other issues, with anger, anxiety, depression, and nausea being the most common complaints. Conclusion: Headache, movement disorder, and sensory disorder are the most common neurological disorders referred to a military hospital. Because of the high prevalence of these issues, it is necessary to establish specialized clinics and conduct additional research to determine the most common types of sensory and movement disorders, as well as the most effective methods of prevention and treatment in medical centers.