Background The incidence of antimicrobial resistance has been increasing worldwide in the past decades, which includes resistance to bacteria that cause common childhood illnesses, such as acute respiratory infections and diarrhea. Numerous children with those common illnesses are treated with antibiotics. However, in such cases, antibiotic treatment is not required. Community-based studies focusing on antibiotic use among children are still limited. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of antibiotic use for common childhood illnesses and to investigate factors associated with antibiotic use in children under 5 years old as well as female caregivers in a rural community in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study of 334 children in three villages of Banten Province, located in the western part of Java Island, was conducted in May 2018. Female caregivers who were responsible for providing medications to children were interviewed. We obtained information such as demographic data, any common clinical illness within the last 30 days, and antibiotic usage during an episode of illness. We excluded children with underlying disease that require a regular follow-up and children who were hospitalized in the last 30 days in the analysis. Antibiotic use answered by female caregivers was verified by checking its package or showing photos of various antibiotics to the female caregivers. Crushed antibiotics were confirmed with health professionals. Results A total of 203 children had clinical symptoms, and the most common symptom was fever and respiratory symptoms. In total, 49.3% received antibiotics, and 66% of them were prescribed by private health professionals. Only two children received antibiotics without a prescription. The most common antibiotic used among children was amoxicillin. Conclusions The high prevalence of antibiotic use was observed in children under 5 years of age, and the major source to obtain antibiotics was to consult health professionals. Training on appropriate antibiotic use must be conducted for health professionals in not only public but also private sectors.

Untuk mencapai prinsip pelaksanaan JKN yang efektif, BPJS kesehatan melakukan pembiayaan pelayanan kesehatan dengan sistem paket INA CBG’s kepada penyedia fasilitas kesehatan tingkat lanjut, salah satunya adalah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Tangerang Selatan. Di dalam proses verifikasi klaim BPJS ternyata terdapat banyak kendala yang terjadi salah satunya adalah penolakan berkas oleh verifikator yang dapat berdampak pada potensi adanya gangguan operasional rumah sakit. Kelengkapan informasi rekam medis dan ketepatan kode diagnosa menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi klaim BPJS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa gambaran persetujuan klaim BPJS kesehatan meliputi kelengkapan informasi, ketetapan diagnosis, dan persetujuan klaim BPJS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Cross sectional deksriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data rekam medis pasien rawat inap RSUD Tangerang Selatan periode Januari-Maret 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 65,9%  informasi rekam medis lengkap 87,6% diagnosis utama tepat, dan 85,7% klaim BPJS kesehatan disetujui. Disarankan kepada pihak manajemen RSUD Tangerang Selatan untuk memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan klaim ditolak seperti kelengkapan informasi rekam medis dan ketepatan kode diagnosis utama guna mengurangi angka klaim yang ditolak pada klaim BPJS Kesehatan.

Abstract-During antenatal care services in Ciputat TimurHealth Center, midwives have difficulties of time management services especially for conducting counseling and pregnant women often could not get laboratory test. The impact of that, the pregnant women could not get the antenatal care services according to the standard. This study aimed to identify association between ANC service quality by midwives and maternal satisfaction in Ciputat Timur Health Center. The method of this research was a quantitative using observational-analytical design with cross sectional approach. Study subject were 4 Midwives and 32 pregnant women which has been observed during ANC service in Ciputat Timur Health Center. The analysis showed that 53,1% the midwives compliance and 46,9% the midwives incompliance of ANC standard. In maternal satisfactory, 75% of pregnant women satisfied and 25% of pregnant women unsatisfied with ANC services. Bivariate analysis showed that the midwives compliance associated with maternal satisfaction for the quality of antenatal care (p= 0,041, OR= 9,800). It is suggested for midwive in Ciputat Timur Health Center to increase the compliance of ANC services according to the standard of Ministry of Health Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination uptake and the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Muslim high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted for high school students. The population in this study were Muslim students grade 11 and 12 at secondary high school living and studying in Jakarta Metropolitan area. A total of 440 samples have been selected using non-probability sampling. In this study, the independent variables were factors associated with vaccination behaviors that were derived from the HBM and TPB theories, while the dependent variables were vaccination uptake and vaccination intention. Factors associated with the dependent variables have been identified using chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. Results About 65% respondents had received COVID-19 vaccine and 72% of those who had not received COVID-19 vaccine had the intention to receive the vaccine. Some of the behavioral model variables such as the perceived susceptibility score, perceived severity score, perceived benefits score, perceived barriers score, self-efficacy score, attitude score, and social norms score were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among high school students. Furthermore, all of the behavioral model variables, ie, perceived susceptibility score, perceived severity score, perceived benefits score, perceived barriers score, cues to action score, self-efficacy score, attitude score, social norms score, and perceived behavioral control score were significantly associated with an intention of being vaccinated. Conclusion The vaccination for students can be set in more affordable locationsfor example, in schools. In addition, efforts to increase student knowledge regarding the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and the dangers of COVID-19 should be sustained.

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