Mesoporous γ-alumina with relatively high surface area of 400 m 2 /g and pore size of ca. 3.8 nm were successfully prepared using facile and cost-effective method employing sol-gel route at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in the presence of conventional surfactant and fatty alcohol (palm oil derived) as template. The limited amount of water gradually added during the synthesis was found to control the rapid hydrolysis rate of the alumina precursors resulting in mesoporous formation. The mesoporosity were retained when changing the surfactant to fatty alcohol. In addition, the materials porosity was made up from framework porosity as well as textural porosity given rise from the aggregations of -alumina nanoparticulates.
Metal-organic framework MOF-5 (i.e. IRMOF-1) with the chemical structure of Zn4O(BDC)3 were successfully synthesized using room temperature synthesis approach of direct-mixing method ans liquid-crystal templating method. The metal clusters organic linker used was benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC). Direct-mixing approach resulted in MOF-5 with tetragonal cell while the liquid-crystal templating method resulted in cubic structure. The metal/linker ratios were varied from 0.1 to 1 to study the effect of metal linker on the formation of MOF-5 materials and their characteristics. The crystallinity of the evacuated framework MOF-5 materials were increased when the metal/organic linker ratios were increased from 0.3 to 0.5. However, the cubic structure of the evacuated framework was relatively disrupted at metal/linker ratio 0.7.
Metal-organic framework coordination polymer materials of MOF-5 with Fm3m cubic structure and tetrahedral structure were successfully synthesized at room temperature and pressure using liquid-crystal (i.e. surfactant) templating method and direct mixing method. The crystallinity increased as metal (Zn)/linker (benzenedicarboxylic acid, BDC) ratios were varied from 0.3 to 0.5. However, the cubic structure of evacuated framework was relatively disrupted at metal/linker ratio of 0.7. Direct-mixing synthesis approach resulted in MOF-5 with layered tetragonal structure due to the increased mobility of the organic-linker as the metal/linker ratios were increased. On the other hand, liquid-crystal templating method resulted in MOF-5 with cubic structure with sizes of ca. 3-5 micron. Changing the solvent from dimethylformamide to chloroform during the synthesis affected the size of the single cubic to decrease from 5 micron to 3 micron, respectively. Furthermore, MOF-5 prepared with metal/linker ratio 0.5 and aged in solvents with higher crystallinity exhibited higher ammonia adsorption uptake at ca. 7.2 %.
Mesoporous γ-alumina with relatively high surface area of ca. 590 m2/g and pore size of ca. 2.0 nm to ca. 9.7 nm were successfully processed using facile and cost-effective method in the presence of renewable, low-cost templates. Controlled addition of water during the processing of the materials was found to control the rapid hydrolysis rate of alumina precursors resulting in mesoporous formation. In addition, these materials porosity was made up from framework porosity as well as textural porosity given rise from the aggregations of γ-alumina nanoparticulates. Regardless of the materials specific surface area value, the competitive adsorption amount of energy gas in 68 % humidity environment increased as relative crystallinity of the materials increased.
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