For all industrial and distribution sites, the lagging power factor of electrical loads is a common problem. In the early days, it was corrected manually by adding the capacitor banks of certain values in parallel. Automatic power factor correction (APFC) using a capacitor bank helps to make a power factor that is close to unity. It consists of a microcontroller that processes the value of the power factor to enable the system and monitor the power factor if it falls below (0.77) from the specified level. This paper presents the automatic correction of the power factor by adding the capacitors banks automatically of the desired value in a three-phase system in the form of binary coding (0-7). The main purpose of this system is to maintain the power factor as close as to unity, for the experimental case, it is set to (0.93) which helps to decreases the losses and ultimately increase the efficiency of the system.
Summary
With the development of new generation lighting sources, visible light communication (VLC) system has become a complementary solution to traditional radio frequency wireless system. However, the error performance of VLC system is degraded because of multipath effects and interference from other lighting sources that, in turn, reduce the communication range. This work targets the issue of performance degradation of VLC systems in terms of communication range and demonstrates a VLC system design that utilizes forward error correction (FEC) codes as the main tool to fix this issue. Furthermore, the work also covers practical implementation of the proposed VLC system using UART modules programmed in MATLAB. The hardware results demonstrate that the communication range of the proposed VLC system is enhanced up to 0.5 m. Over and above, it is also shown through simulations that the coding gain of the proposed design is more when compared with existing VLC system(s).
<span>This paper presents the real-time monitoring of energy consumption utilizing the global system for mobile communication (GSM) via wireless protocols. The power supply company has the authority to change or alter the tariff rates. The method of payment is prepaid, so there will be options for the customer to request the number of units assigned to the particular meter against the money. The customer can monitor the number of units consumed with the help of GSM. If the units are ten percent of the total units, then the system will give a warning message so that the customer can recharge it before cutting off the supply. A GSM-based wireless module has remote access to the usage of electricity. Simulation is done on Proteus while the hardware is implemented using the microcontroller Arduino Uno.</span>
This article presents, a load management system is designed and implemented to integrate renewable energy resources (RES) (solar and wind), which manage the load according to the supply/demand and the user's priorities. The system is implemented on a hybrid system integrating wind energy, solar energy, utility supply, and battery energy storage system. Load management is carried out via switching of the loads. The sources can also be turned ON and OFF. During excess power, the battery module works as an energy storage unit or backup energy supply unit during demand. Loads can be turned ON and OFF wirelessly via GSM. The grid operator can switch the loads by simply sending a command via a short service message (SMS). In the end, the system is tested, and the results are presented. The hybrid system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink first and then hardware implementation is carried out, which involves integrating renewable resources via converters and load management by switching using a microcontroller (Arduino).
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