Organic materials possessing solid-state emission responsive to
external stimuli have significance in a variety of material, biomedical,
and optoelectronic applications. Organic molecules having different
donor–acceptor architectures integrated with aggregation-induced
emission (AIE) fluorophores have been utilized in development of mechanofluorochromic
(MFC) materials. In this work, we have designed and synthesized phenanthroimidazole
(PI) based derivatives TPE-PI-1, TPE-PI-2, TPE-PI-3, PTZ-PI-1, PTZ-PI-2, and PTZ-PI-3 where in donors tetraphenylethylene-TPE
(D) and phenothiazine-PTZ (D′) of contrasting donor abilities
are attached to the N and C atom positions of PI. The position and
mode of attachment of the donors have been changed, and an additional
PTZ spacer has been introduced which has a direct consequence on their
photophysical and electronic properties. The PI derivatives manifest
AIE, solvatochromic, and mechanochromic behavior. The single crystal
X-ray analysis of TPE-PI-1 and PTZ-PI-2 reveals
bent structures for the PTZ unit and a twisted conformation for TPE
moieties. The density functional theory calculations were used to
obtain optimized ground-state structures of the PI derivatives. The
work shows a comprehensive comparison of the photophysical, electronic,
AIE, and MFC properties of the PI derivatives as an effect of variations
in the position of donor, donor–acceptor strength, and change
in molecular conformation on use of spacer.
Mechanochromic emitters with appropriate combination of properties for white hyperfluorescent solution-processable organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) were developed involving phenothiazine, tetraphenylethylene, and electron withdrawing (cyano (-CN)) or phenyl acrylonitrile (-CHC(CN)Ph)...
Mechanofluorochromic (MFC) materials are a class of luminescent materials that have ability to show changes in their emission when subjected to various mechanical stimuli. A wide range of MFC materials...
Phenothiazine is one of the most extensively investigated aromatic compound owing to its unique optical and electronic properties, low cost, and easy functionalization. In recent years, phenothiazine and its derivatives...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.