Abstract. Good management of the building will be able to influence the quality of the buildings that remain long, safe and beautiful without any damage and problems. This research paper aims to explore the issue of maintenance and management that appear in managing the commercial building in Malaysian construction and property industry. The data in this research has been gathered through the reviewing process of secondary data such as journals, proceeding, thesis etc. in the area that related to maintenance and management issue in commercial building. As highlighted by previous study, building a good management can ensure that the facilities available in the building are well and meet the standard. Thus, exposure to the problems and needs in the management of the building would be able to improve the quality of building management systems to be more effective and fulfil the client needs and features.
Abstract. Construction sector is an important sector and contributed significantly to national development. However, this sector poses higher risk to accident. This is due to fact that construction site can be considered as a dangerous zone to workers and to the public. Due to the variety of cases occurs on site, the contractor will usually have to pay the cost related to accidents in the form of higher insurance premium. Despite various measures, accidents still occur at construction sites. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is one of the important means to protect the wearer from hazards in the workplace. Since this equipment is the last frontier of the wearer from worksite hazards, it is important to select it based on the job scope and the intended protection. Therefore, this study was formulated to find out the level of knowledge and awareness of construction workers on PPE usage. It was also important to know what make the workers would want or do not want to use the PPE. It was found in this study that the level of awareness and knowledge among workers on the proper use of PPE is moderate. Construction sites accident can be further be reduced with proper implementation of PPE voluntarily by all workers.
This paper introduces a fuzzy logic-based circadian lighting control system using flexibility of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lighting technology to synchronise artificial lighting with circadian (natural) lighting Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) characteristics. Besides for vision acuity, the Non-Imaging Forming effects of lighting affect human circadian rhythms. Past works in spectrally tuning CCT or Spectral Power Distribution of lighting have used conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control system architecture, where the modelling process of system transfer functions was mathematically complex, especially for nonlinear systems. A methodology of regulating lighting CCT is employed in a 7×5 fuzzy logic rules matrix in a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) system, to closely replicate natural lighting CCT characteristics for indoor lighting. A reference lookup table was devised to store desired CCT values arbitrarily with respect to time mark in a day, which acts as an outdoor circadian stimulus and guides the FLC. The FLC compensates for the lack of CCT in lighting space. Simulation results show acceptable CCT output values conforming to circadian lighting parameters at a time in a day compared to the lookup table targets. Deviation from blackbody curve was within ±0.003 using CCT Duv checking. The system did not produce an overshoot (0.0%) with a steady state (zero error) reached after the fourth iteration. Also, rise time was calculated to be 1 iteration. This approach could be further enhanced to cater for additional custom needs in many built environments. Future works may consider connecting more sensors to capture real-time outdoor CCT values for practical regulation.
Thermal comfort is the individual satisfaction with the surrounding thermal environment. It is mainly affected by environmental factors (i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, air movement, and mean radiant temperature) and individual factors (i.e., activity and clothing). However, other factors such as acclimatization, experiences and expectations, food and drink, body shape and subcutaneous fat, age and gender, and state of health might play a significant role in the individual sensation and satisfaction of the thermal environment. This study investigates the possible differences in thermal perception between local and foreign residents, which might occur due to the influence of the individual and contributing factors that are linked to their thermal, cultural, and behavioural backgrounds. High-rise residential buildings that accommodate local and foreign residents were selected, and a questionnaire survey was distributed to assess their thermal comfort perception. The results showed differences between local and foreign residents in thermal comfort perception. The foreign residents were more satisfied and comfortable with the thermal environment compared to the local residents. However, this difference was found to be statistically insignificant; therefore, it might be linked to factors linked to the current study, including acclimatization, expectation, clothing insulation and activity levels. Therefore, a further large-scale investigation might be required with more analysis on the role and influence of the contributing factors on the thermal sensation of different gropes.
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