This study was conducted to produce an empirical evidence of validity and reliability of the item using a survey questionnaire of learning transfer. Rasch model approach with aided by Winsteps software Version 3.69.1.11 was used to examine the functional items from the reliability and separation of item and respondent, polarity and items fit measuring constructs and standardized residual correlation value. The questionnaire was distributed to 40 trainees from various disciplines at the Centre for Instructor and Advanced Skill Training (CIAST) Shah Alam. The final analysis found that a total of 16 items were eliminated and revealed 81 items that are suitable to measure the five constructs of learning transfer.

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Green skills are the technical skills, knowledge, values and attitudes needed in the workforce to develop and support sustainable social, economic and environmental outcomes in business, industry and the community (as defined by the Green Skills Agreement, Australia). School teachers play a role in producing skilled labor that has green skills. The aim of this research is to explore the views of teachers regarding the instilling of green skills in students and the types of green skills applicable in schools. This research is a qualitative investigation using the method of in-depth interview to collect information from the teachers who handle the subject of Living Skill Integration in secondary schools. The respondents opine that the school can disseminate preliminary information about green skills, but the application of these skills in real life requires experienced teachers. Furthermore, these skills can be infused into various subjects so that students can have a holistic perspective of sustainability. The respondents also state that the types of skills applicable in schools are recycling or material management, which will minimize the use of electricity and water. The applications of these green skills in schools are a real challenge to teachers, but they will encourage students to commit themselves to the good cause of environment. Therefore, all parties concerned must make a concerted effort to promote green skills so that students and the public are well aware of the importance of preserving the environment.

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Green Skills (GS) are the skills based on strong sustainability development from the aspects of technical, value knowledge and attitude that are needed by the workforce in developing economy and environment in the business, industry and society. The objective of this research was to validate the GS instrument. This research adopted the survey research method. Cluster random sampling and simple random sampling methods were utilised in selecting a total of 446 Secondary school students who enrolled the subject of Design all over Peninsular Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analyses were used to determine validity and reliability in measurement model. Measurement model was fitted the data and was accepted base on suitability index (fit indices), that has been achieved namely CMIN χ2=595.204, with degrees of freedom (df) 132, CMIN/df=4.509 (≤5.0), incremental fit CFI & IFI (≤0.9), and absolute fit RMSEA=0.8(≤0.8). The instrument has been proven to be a good instrument and passed the psychometrics standards. The research findings showed there were a total of 10 elements must be present in the students. The research implicated that GS Model can be used as guidance in cultivating GS in the learning process. This GS Model is expected to cultivate a balanced environment from the aspects of attitude, knowledge and values that are needed in the students. This GS Model also can be used as the basis in developing curriculum as an added-value in training design. Furthermore, it can be used as a module in learning process that gives importance to environmental awareness among students

This study was conducted to identify the tendency of community college students choosing entrepreneurship as their career. The sample selected across the entire study population was composed of 103 final year students of Malaysia Community College. Four aspects of the study are to identify students interests, the characteristics of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial knowledge and constraints faced by the students involved in entrepreneurial career. The approach used to collect data through questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Packages for Social Science). Results showed that students have a high propensity for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial features high in them. However, for entrepreneurship students have a moderate knowledge of entrepreneurship and constraints for high entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is suggested that collaboration between government agencies involved in entrepreneurship, parents, community and community colleges can be strengthened to help encourage students to venture into entrepreneurial careers.

This study aimed to develop a mobile application framework based on Competency-Based Education (CBE) in Technical and Vocational Education. CBE approach in teaching and learning should be applied because this approach is suitable for skill-based education. In technological advancement, the mobile application approach causes students to have their own control in teaching and to learn to be implemented seamlessly and more effectively. This research is a qualitative method that has gone through three phases to form a framework for the mobile app based on CBE. The instruments used are structured interview and evaluators' reliability review form. The study sample consisted of 6 experts in CBE and technology for the interview session and 3 experts in TVET for reliability data verification. The raw data obtained from the interviews have gone through a thematic analysis process using Atlas.ti software. The results show 36 items identified as characteristics of CBE in the mobile application, with the average Cohen Kappa Index Approval coefficient was 0.9 indicating a very good reliability scale. The findings of this study consist of 33 items with seven constructs approved after the inter-rater reliability among the expert. The implication from this research could be used as guidance in the development of the instructional mobile application, particularly in Technical and Vocational Education and as an instrument for evaluating existing instructional mobile applications.

Education is an ongoing process and is constantly accepting changes and improvement in line with the needs and wants of the community. The 21st-century world is seeing the use of multimedia and information technology monopolizing the lives of the general public with the motto of a borderless world. One of the most popular developments today is Augmented Reality (AR) technology that uses barcode scanners as a medium for learning. This study aims to find out students' interest in learning, teachers' teaching method, and students' visualization ability in welding technology subjects. The quantitative study through a survey method was used in this study. The study population involved 105 welding technology students of Batu Pahat Vocational College. The purposive sampling consists of 30 respondents of 3rd-year students who are taking the Non-Destructive Test (NDT) welding subject under the topic of magnetic particle test. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively. The finding shows that the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.73 which indicates that the instrument's reliability is high. The results of this study found that by using magnetic particle test teaching kits can increase students' interest in learning (M=4.76), positively affect the teachers' teaching method (M=4.72), and helped to enhance students' visualization ability (M=4.80). Thus, the findings indicate that the use of this teaching kit improves the teaching and learning process either in the classroom or in the workshop.