The activation of nuclear-orkappa B factor/active protein-1 (NF-B/AP-1) and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) playing a ABSTRACT Background: Due to its flavoring and seasoning properties, Salvia officinalis has been widely used in the preparation of many foods. In folk medicine in Asia and Latin America, it has been used for the treatment of various types of disorders, including seizures, ulcers, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, and high blood sugar. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical composition by HPLC/UV, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation; thus the, the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis (EES) on certain homeostatic parameters, inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant status in Wistar rats subjected to inflammation induced by carrageenan. Method: Male rats (n = 24) were exposed to inflammation of the peritoneal by carrageenan (200 µL: 2%) and treated for 5 days with ethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis (EES) in order to repair the damage caused by inflammation on homeostasis, TNF-α and PGE2. Results: The results of scavenging of DPPH and lipoperoxidation of the extract, showed an IC 50 of 29.69 ± 1.32 and 46.17 ± 1.51 µg/mL, respectively. The identification of EEC by HPLC shows the presence of polyphenolic acids (salvianolic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid) and many flavonoids (Cirsimaritin, Catechin, Acacetin, kaempferol, pinocembrine, quercetin). Salvia extract contains 221.08 ± 2.36 mg EAG/g and 80.54 ± 1.3 mg EQ/g dry extract. Compared to the control group, carrageenan induced a substantial decrease (P<0.05) in antioxidant enzymes and a highly significant increase (P<0.05) in homeostatic parameters (blood sugar, CRP and fibrinogen), biomarkers of inflammation (TNF-α and PGE2) and malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: The administration of Salvia extract corrects this perturbation where there is an improvement in antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in biomarkers of inflammation. Salvia officinalis has been able to repair carrageenin-induced perturbations homeostasis and inflammation markers in Wistar rats.

Recently, it has been found that cardamom extract acts as a powerful modulator of macrophages 15 and as a protective factor against uranium risks. 16 Elgayyar and Sekine [17][18] reported that cardamom extract has well-recognized antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Analgesic, antidepressant, anticonvulsive and antispasmodic activities have been attributed to this plant. 19,20

Background: Is a pleasant-smelling perennial shrub that grows in many parts of the world, Rosmarinus officinalis a well known valuable herbal medicine which is widely used in pharmaceuticals and traditional medicine as a digestive, tonic, astringent, diuretic, diaphoretic and useful for urinary ailments. Objective:The objective of this study has, on the one hand, focused on the changes in hepatotoxicity induced by the chronic administration of ethyl alcohol according to a biochemical and histological experimental approach and, on the other hand, on the chemical composition which was determined. As well as, the hepato-protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (EER), whether to restore or not the harmful alterations due to ethylism was evaluated. Method: The study included twenty-four male Wistar albino rats which were divided into four groups. The rats received ethanolic extraction of Rosmarinus officinalis orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Hepatotoxicity was induced orally with a daily dose of 05 mL of 20% alcoholic solution for 90 days. Results: The chemical characterization of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (EER) by HPLC/UV shows the presence of polyphenolic compounds and numerous flavonoids, the main constituent of which is rosmarinic acid. It was noticed that the Ethanol caused an increase in liver function parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and cholesterol, total bilirubin) compared to the control and oxidative stress through a significant decrease in antioxidant liver enzymes Superoxidase dismutase (9.39 U/mg), glutathione peroxidase (12.89 U/mg) and catalase (25.39 U/mg) and increased malondialdehyde levels. The histological study showed significant lesions in the liver. Conclusion: The disturbances in liver function, antioxidant status and structural damage to the liver caused by ethanol have been restored by the administration of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis which strongly justifies its therapeutic effect.