Background Regardless of attaining adequate knowledge regarding oral hygiene, physical activity, and healthy eating habits, dental students still face oral health problems. This study was aimed to assess the association of oral hygiene habits, physical activity, and eating habits with the BMI in the dental students. Method This multi centric cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021 in Pakistan. Three hundred and eighty-six study participants enrolled as undergraduate dental students, both males and females, were included in the study. A questionnaire used to gather data, was modified from a study conducted by Jouhar et al. Chi-square testing was used in order to assess the relationship between two categorical variables. Linear regression was performed to assess the association with putative confounders. Statistical significance was considered for p value < 0.05. Results Regarding brushing teeth, 57% of the underweight individuals brushed once daily, 69.8% of the healthy, 79.2% of overweight, and 48% of obese participants brushed twice. Horizontal brushing technique was performed by 50% of the underweight participants, followed by scrub technique. A soft bristled brush was frequently used by underweight (42.9%) and healthy (66%) individuals, while a medium textured bristle brush was used by overweight (62.3%) and obese (54.2%) participants. Majority of the underweight (64.3%), overweight (48.1%), and 45.8% of obese individuals had meals thrice a day, while healthy (62.3%) individuals had meals twice a day. Conclusion This study further intensified the contributing role of having an excessive dietary intake and sugar consumption in causing obesity and dental caries. Findings from the current study, identify a statistically significant relationship that exists between BMI levels with oral hygiene, eating habits and the physical activity.
Background: Professionalism has been recognised as an essential component of dental practise since the twenty-first century. Various researchers have published definitions of professionalism, but the perception of dental students and graduates regarding professionalism in Pakistan has been limited. Objective: The main objective was to explore the awareness and importance of professionalism among the undergraduate dental students in Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional research was carried out among the third and final year dental students from August to December 2021. Written consent was attained from all the study participants. Data was collected and statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 21. The Chi-square test is conducted to assess the association between the variables. Results: From a total of 201 participants, 95 males (47.3%) and 106 females (52.7%) were involved. Among these, there were 93 (46.3%) 3rd year and 108 (53.6%) 4th year dental students. In response to being asked to listen actively to patients, the majority of the males (72/6%) and females (91.5%) agreed. Similarly, for recognising the needs of patients, 84% of males and 91.5% of females agreed (p value 0.000). Regarding finding it difficult to meet patient requirements, 84% of males agreed while 43.2% of females disagreed (p value 0.000). The majority of the participants who kept records were males (73.6%) and females (90.4%). Conclusion: The study concluded that dental students had adequate knowledge and attitude regarding dental professionalism. The students not only listened attentively to the patients but were also punctual and showed compassion and care towards the patients. Keywords: Dental students. Professionalism, Pakistan, Cross sectional study, Ethics
Aim: The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to ascertain children's dental clinic choices in order to alleviate anxiety during dental operations. This study employed a survey approach. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to identify a child's choice for a dental facility in order to ease anxiety associated with dental procedures. The research enrolled 92 children aged 7–10 years. The kids were arbitrarily chosen following their initial dental appointment at a private dental institution. Data were analysed using SPSS. The Chi-squared test was used to compare responses to questionnaire questions across age and gender categories. P 0.05 was deemed significant statistically. Results: The demographic data of 92 kids shows that 34% Boys prefer male dentists, whereas 28% girls prefer female dentists. Majority of females opting for lab coats at 23%. Also, 11% of boys and 11% of girls preferred a dentist in surgical gowns. 86% of the kids who were asked like having cartoons on their doctor's office walls. Among them, 50 (54.3%) of the boys liked clinics with cartoon paintings the best. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study will help the dental team build a comfortable dental environment for children, lowering anxiety and enhancing overall treatment quality. Keywords: Child Anxiety, Dentist Attire, child cooperation, dental office cartoon walls
Aim: To determine the changes in Ca2+ release before and after the application of Riva Star, AgNO3 and to analyse the changes in surface roughness of the samples. Methods: The Riva Star, AgNO3 were used to measure their effects on the demineralisation processes of the windowed human enamel in 50ml pH4.0 acetic solution under 370C. The sound human enamel samples were sliced and varnished using nail polish and 5mm2 was left on the surface of enamel sample in order to make windowed-type enamel. The demineralised enamel samples were treated by these agents after 4hours of demineralisation, and later put back into the same acetic acid solutions for further 4hours of demineralisation to detect the changes. Results: The results demonstrated that Riva Star (SDF/KI) treatment exerted the inhibition ability in demineralisation remarkably. However, when the silver nitrate was applied alone, it slightly accelerated the demineralisation firstly and then followed a straight line. The treatment of silver nitrate alone also caused black staining. Reducing agent such as potassium iodide following the treatment of silver nitrate can inhibit the demineralisation instantly without causing the initial acceleration in demineralisation and the final black staining. Conclusions: Riva Star (SDF/KI) is an effective demineralisation inhibition agent for up to 48 hours following the topical application. The potassium iodide application following the treatment of silver nitrate can not only accelerate the inhibition performance, but also effectively avoid black staining. Keywords: Silver ions, Demineralization, Caries, Riva Star, SDF, Surface roughness
Background: Knowledge of tooth morphology is obligatory for achieving success in dental treatment. The root canal configuration of maxillary first premolar (MFP) has been shown to be highly varying. The study was conducted to assess the canal configurations in the roots of upper first premolars within a sample population of Peshawar with the help of tooth cross-sectioning method. Methods: The extracted 250 maxillary first premolars had undergone access cavity preparation after cleaning and pulp was removed from each individual tooth. The root canals were located in the pulp chamber floor and then India ink was injected in to their orifices. When the canals get stained the roots were cross-sectioned at three levels to assess the configurations of root canals using a categorization method devised by Weine. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 250 maxillary first premolars, the common root canal configuration was Weine's type-IV in 30.4% and type-III in 30.0% teeth. Weine's type-I and type-II were observed in 24.8% and 8.8% premolars, respectively. Variable root canal configurations were seen in 6.0% teeth. Apical delta was found in 1 (0.4%) tooth. A highly statistically significant difference was observed when root canal configuration was compared with external root morphology. Conclusion: Weine's type-IV and type-III root canal configurations were frequently observed in maxillary first bicuspids.
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