<span>Water quality is one of the major factors that greatly affects growth and mortality rate of aquatic livestock especially in high density aquaculture system.  Conventional method requires fish farmer to perform manual water quality test and record on multiple fish tanks in regular basis. This process is meticulous, and may affect aquatic livestock that needs close and immediate attention. In this paper, water quality monitoring system for the high density aquaculture environment is proposed. The monitoring system is composed of multiple sensor nodes and sensor/server node hybrid, which used to collect and manage the water quality parameter data of multiple tanks. The sensor nodes collect and store the water quality parameters in local database and transmit them to the server node through a wireless communication. The server node is used for data analysis, processing and allow public access via web browser through various Wi-Fi enabled smart devices. This paper presents a proof-of concept of clustered wireless monitoring system focused on the use of multiple sensor nodes to determine the water parameter in real time. This system is cost effective, quickly deployable, and user-friendly with wireless capabilities.</span>

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The path planning problem has been a crucial topic to be solved in autonomous vehicles. Path planning consists operations to find the route that passes through all of the points of interest in a given area. Several algorithms have been proposed and outlined in the various literature for the path planning of autonomous vehicle especially for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The algorithms are not guaranteed to give full performance in each path planning cases but each one of them has their own specification which makes them suitable in sophisticated situation. This review paper evaluates several possible different path planning approaches of UAVs in terms optimal path, probabilistic completeness and computation time along with their application in specific problems.

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Compression of images is of great interest in applications where efficiency with respect to data storage or transmission bandwidth is sought.The rapid growth of social media and digital networks have given rise to huge amount of image data being accessed and exchanged daily. However, the larger the image size, the longer it takes to transmit and archive. In other words, high quality images require huge amount of transmission bandwidth and storage space. Suitable image compression can help in reducing the image size and improving transmission speed. Lossless image compression is especially crucial in fields such as remote sensing healthcare network, security and military applications as the quality of images needs to be maintained to avoid any errors during analysis or diagnosis. In this paper, a hybrid prediction lossless image compression algorithm is proposed to address these issues. The algorithm is achieved by combining predictive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) and Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT). Entropy and compression ratio calculation are used to analyze the performance of the designed coding. The analysis shows that the best hybrid predictive algorithm is the sequence of DPCM-IWT-Huffman which has bits sizes reduced by 36%, 48%, 34% and 13% for tested images of Lena, Cameraman, Pepper and Baboon, respectively.

The explosive growth of mobile devices is the main engine to continue evolution in the communications field. The amount of traffic generated by today’s users in applications such as high definition videos, cloud computing, and wearable devices, require a drastic change in mobile telecommunications. 5G Ultra Dense Network (UDN) is one of the key components leading in achieving the high capacity for all users. In UDN, the number of base stations or access nodes equals or exceeds the number of active users by unit area. In this paper, different modeling techniques of UDN are studied. Moreover, a heterogeneous framework modeling was proposed. This framework illustrated a system model for UDN based on Urban Macro (UMa) Scenario. The distance dependent path loss model for UMa was presented and analyzed. The Simulation results of path loss model indicated an increase in the path loss with increasing the distance range from 10m to 500m. The received power simulation results of User Terminal (UT) displayed the power is approaching zero when the distance between the BS and UT goes beyond 250m. Therefore, it is assumed that UTs located 250m away from the BS can reuse the subchannel of AN in another sector with negligible interference.

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