Background: During pregnancy, the risk of severe manifestation of COVID-19 with a worse maternal outcome can become higher because of the alteration in the immune system and physiological function. In COVID-19 infection, several studies also stated the increased risk of severe disease in advanced maternal age (AMA). Considering that the death and severe case rates in advanced-aged pregnant women with COVID-19 were high, special attention should be focused on this matter. There was still little study that focused on the outcome of COVID-19 in pregnant women with advanced age as well. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the risks and the outcomes of advanced maternal age-pregnancy with COVID-19. Method: The method used in this paper is the Literature Review which aspires to analyze the risk and the outcome of COVID-19 in advanced maternal-age pregnancy. The databases used in the source search are PubMed, Google Scholar, JAMA, and AJOG. The keywords for the search were advanced maternal age, COVID-19, and pregnancy. Results: The mortality and morbidity of AMA who had COVID-19 were higher than non-AMA pregnant women. Severe conditions of COVID-19 were increased in AMA patients. They were at risk of having ICU admission and intubation. Advanced-aged mothers were more likely to have comorbidity including obesity. They also had a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion:The adverse maternal aged-pregnant women with COVID-19 had higher risks of having comorbidities, severe conditions of COVID-19, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and mortality. Therefore, early risk identification needs to be done to identify the special management for the patients.
Background: During pregnancy, the risk of depression manifestation increased due to the major life event that happen on them. Major psychological and social change could happen due to the pregnancy, and it is associated with depression. Social isolation during pandemic causing people to get a stress as they were unable to work or engage with others. Feeling of loneliness, financial worries, fear of getting infected, and grief are some of the stressors that could lead to depression. Therefore, this literature review aimed to describe the prevalence of depression among the pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The Literature Review approach was utilized in this article to analyze the depression prevalence among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed and Google Scholar were the databases used in the source search. The search terms were depression, pregnancy, and COVID-19. Results: The total number of pregnant women that were assessed from all articles is 75410. The prevalence of depression in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic were vary on each country. It was ranging from less than 30% to nearly 60%. Studies revealed that the depression rate was increased compare to the pre-pandemic era. Conclusion:The occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the depression level of pregnant women. Various factors could influence the rate of depression in this population. Depression in pregnant women could lead to many negative outcomes. Therefore, it is important to provide psychological support to these women in order to prevent unwanted events that could happen.
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