Most literature focuses on the branding in the profit sector, while few efforts have been spent on studies in the nonprofit sector which has been in the rise in the last decades and constitutes a remarkable percentage of the economy in many developed countries. Nonprofit organizations are in essence a kind of an indicator of how developed a country is, so it might be accepted that in underdeveloped countries and developing countries they are not well established yet, so analyzing the well established nonprofit organizations will also usher the ones which are at still birth age. An issue which should be analyzed about nonprofit organizations is the application of a significant marketing concept of brand orientation. The proposed research aims to highlight the importance of branding and brand orientation for nonprofit organizations and to bring to surface the antecedents and the outcomes of being brand oriented in nonprofit sector. A comprehensive literature review was done and a conceptual model is proposed in this literature review.

The role of marketing during the economic recession becomes more significant than usual times. It is necessary to understand how firms should adjust their marketing strategies to handle with recessions. Although recessions have been studied primarily in finance and economics, there is a void in marketing literature about it. Recessions have significant effects on consumer behaviors and substantial impacts on firms, and these affect particular socio-demographic strata and business segments in different ways. The effects of recessions need to be examined both to cope with the ensuing problems and to get ready for prospective recessions. This exploratory research paper examines the changing marketing practices, marketing opportunities, and strategies of Turkish firms that were employed to respond to 2008 global economic crises, which caused recession in many economies. It was observed that adjustments are needed in marketing strategies and activities during economic recessions to benefit from arising opportunities and keep away from arising threats.

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Many researches in the literature highlight the risk reducing function of brands due to additional associations they embrace. Being a global brand, a product conveys additional associations which have the potential to hinder risk perceptions of consumers in general. This paper examines the global brands' risk reducing impact on Turkish consumers regarding global computer brands. It is suggested in this paper that global computer brands convey some additional associations which increase the brand equity, thus providing competitive advantage over local ones. An empirical research was conducted to test the hypotheses and some analytical techniques were utilized to test the proposed hypotheses. The results reveal that Turkish consumers consider global computer brands as strong in terms of after sales service and quality. However, global computer brands do not differentiate from global brands in terms of handling customer complaints.

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The purpose of this study was to document age and qualification influence on facet-specific levels of job satisfaction as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The Long Form MSQ 1967 was chosen to measure satisfaction levels of twenty job facets. The head teachers with younger and older age, bachelor degree holders, obtained high means than head teachers with middle age and master degree holders. Significant differences were found among different age groups for different dimensions of job. Therefore, no significant differences were observed for qualification. Younger and older age head teachers were significantly more satisfied with almost all the dimensions of the job than the middle age head teachers. No significant differences were found between the head teachers with bachelor degree and the head teachers with master degree for any dimension of the job. Results based on this study provide a sufficient ground to frame the following recommendations; salary of the teachers should be increased, a large amount in annual budget should be reserved to improve the working conditions in the schools, special attention should be given to facilitate the medium age teachers, studies on satisfaction and age should be conducted to investigate the reason why satisfaction increases in younger and older age while decreases in middle age, and studies on satisfaction to investigate more predictors to job satisfaction should be conducted.

Prefabricated house industry might be considered as being at the stage of birth in Turkey and the consumer demand for this product category seems sluggish owing to some reasons. This empirical study explores some possible reasons of the low demand rates for prefabricated houses and data was gathered via an online survey in Turkey and some statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS statistical program. This paper also provides a cognitive framework to understand the consumer buying dimensions of prefabricated houses. The results reveal that marketing communication tools are not being used sufficiently, and thus marketing communications are not being held effectively by prefabricated houses manufacturers. As a result, consumers lack some significant information related with the attributes of the product, in this case prefabricated houses, they held misinformation about the product, so they do not develop desired buying intentions about this product category.

Purpose-This study aims at measuring effectiveness of digital public relations tools on various customer segments. Digital public relations, an important component of digital marketing, is gaining more and more importance in the e-commerce market, so this research is significant as it is related with this developing realm. Methodology-Digital public relations tools, social media, company forum page, e-mails, company websites, blogs, are used by most of the e-businesses to manage the organizations' reputation in the virtual life. Structured questionnaire using Likert Scale is developed by the autohors to gather data. Customers of a well-known leading telecommunication company in Turkey are chosen as the universe of the research and we got responses from 213 participants. The data is analyzed using SPSS statistical program and ANOVA tests and frequency tables are used to make analyses.Findings-We wanted to analyze how effective the company is using such digital public relation tools. The results reveal that various tools might have different effects on specific customer segments. Conclusion-It is found out that various customer segments are affected differently from various digital puclic relations tools.Thus, it is necessary for the organizations to be aware of how these tools affect various customer segments and develop digital marketing strategies accordingly to increase their marketing performance. Moreover, as traditional public relations tools keep their importance, organizations need to adapt them with the digital ones.