Pesantren is an environment that is very well known as religiousness in which there are several rules that must be obeyed by teachers and students. The purpose of this discipline is to build humanist relationships. This study aims to uncover and describe the meanings and types of conversational implicatures contained in the conversations of teachers and students at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Al-Azhar Islamic boarding school. This study uses data analysis. Qualitative methods are methods that aim to obtain descriptive data. The data in this study are conversational implicatures that transcribed into written text. Data were collected using selection, description and verification techniques. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptivewhich is based on Siswantoro's theory. The results of this study indicate that there are four types of conversation implicatures, namely general conversation implicatures, scaled implicatures, special conversation implicatures and conventional implicatures.
This research aimed to investigate the patterns of selLing-and-buying transactions in a traditional market. The data sources of this research were the the sellers and the buyersin beef, chicken, fruit, grocery, and vegetable shopsof Pasar Waru, a traditional market, in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The data were in the form of transactional conversations between the sellers and the buyers. Qualitative method was applied in this research by using the formula of generic structure potential theory proposed by Halliday Hasan (1985) to describe the patterns of buying-and-selling transaction in the market. The result shows that generic structure elements in some shops at Pasar Waru comprises: greeting (G), sale initiation (SI), sale enquiry (SE), sale request (SR), sale compliance (SC), sale (S), purchase (P), purchase closure (PC), and finish (F). The grocery, beef, and chicken shop had a similar structure of G^SR^SC^S^P^PC, whereas the fruit shop showed its actual structure G^SI^SE^SR^SC^S^P^PC. Meanwhile, the vegetable shop had G^SI^SR^SC^S^P^PC structure. As a whole, the five shops produced generic potential structure [(G).^] [{ SR^ SC }^S^] P^PC.
Kangean is an island that has various traditions, one of which is the engagement tradition. Today, the engagement tradition has undergone a drastic shift, due to the presence of technological media, such as television, cell phones, the internet, and the like. Television, which is basically a medium of entertainment for the wider community, however, for the kangean community, television is one of the causes of social and cultural changes. This study aims to uncover and describe the causes of these changes. This study uses data analysis. Qualitative methods are methods that aim to obtain descriptive data. The data in this study are conversations related to the causes of socio-cultural shifts, the data is transcribed into written texts. The data was collected by interviewing, selecting, describing and verification techniques. Data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method which is based on Siswantoro's theory. The results of this study indicate that non-educational shows on television such as soap opera films, promiscuty, blue film, tiktok, life style, speaking style and dress patterns are greatly affect the kangean community especially among teenagers. The negative affects for Kangean teenagers are on social life, lifestyle, speaking style, promiscuty, drug addicts, violating customs, traditions and culture. Therefore, policies are needed to limit the scope of globalization to which ones should be implemented and which should be rejected. This requires the role of the government of the kangean community to act through policies that are more directed at socio-cultural considerations.
A compliment plays an important role to the communication because it gives a happy effect for the speaking partner. In the interaction context, a compliment is often used as the communication strategy to achieve the particular interest. The compliment has the important role on the buying-selling transaction at traditional market. This research aims to describe the important role of the compliment on the success of the buying-selling transaction in the traditional market. This research used qualitative descriptive to analyze the compliment used by seller and buyer. The data were collected through conversation using a hidden recorder and taking some notes. The result of the study showed that the compliment has the four roles on the success of buying-selling transaction in the traditional market such as at Pasar Waru, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Those were the compliment as a means of calling the potential buyer, bargaining process, convincing the buyer, and building the small talk.
Comparative adjectives of Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language (KDML) are the basic adjectives that has A+D+(-an) stucture or lebbi. This study explored the function of comparative adjectives in KDML and its impact for the Kangean community. The theories used to explore and determine the comparative adjective function are descriptive and pragmatic theories. The research is a qualitative research. The method used in this research is the participatory observation method. The data were obtained from interviews with the dialect speakers by voice recording and field note-taking. Besides, researchers used the introspectiveve method (reflective-introspection method). The data that has been collected were transcribed into written form of orthographic transcription, then translated and classified according to its function. The method applied for analyzing the data are equivalent and distributional method. Meanwhile, the methods used for displaying the results of data analysis are informal and formal steps. The results showed that in KDML, there are several functions of comparative adjectives, namely to motivate, praise, admonish, command, insinuate, advise, criticize and accuse. Meanwhile, the impact of adjective utterances, people become more optimistic, comfortable, easy to appreciate, entertained, strong, cautious, deterred, and humble. Adjektiva komparatif bahasa Madura dialek Kangean (BMDK) merupakan adjektiva dasar yang memiliki struktur A+D+(-an) atau lebbi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fungsi adjektiva komparatif dalam BMDK dan dampaknya bagi komunitas Kangean. Teori yang digunakan untuk menggali dan menentukan fungsi adjektiva komparatif adalah teori deskriptif dan pragmatik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi partisipatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan penutur dialek Kangean melalui rekaman dan catatan lapangan. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan metode introspektif (metode reflektif-introspekturis). Data yang sudah terkumpul ditranskrip ke dalam bentuk tulisan dengan transkripsi ortografis, kemudian diterjemahkan dan diklasifikasikan sesuai fungsinya. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode ekuivalen dan metode agih dan metode yang digunakan untuk menampilkan hasil analisis data adalah langkah-langkah formal dan nonformal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam BMDK terdapat beberapa fungsi adjektiva komparatif yakni untuk memotivasi, memuji, menegur, memerintah, menyindir, menasihati, mencela dan menuduh. Sedangkan dampaknya adalah masyarakat lebih optimis, peka, mudah menghargai, terhibur, kuat, berhati-hati, jera, dan rendah diri.
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