In many studies regarding the field of malaria, environmental factors have been acquired in single-time, multi-time or a short-time series using remote sensing and meteorological data. Selecting the best periods of the year to monitor the habitats of Anopheles larvae can be effective in better and faster control of malaria outbreaks. In this article, high-risk times for three regions in Iran, including Qaleh-Ganj, Sarbaz and Bashagard counties with a history of malaria prevalence were estimated. For this purpose, a series of environmental factors affecting the growth and survival of Anopheles were used over a seven-year period through the Google Earth Engine. The results of this study indicated two high-risk times for Qaleh-Ganj and Bashagard counties and three high-risk times for Sarbaz county over the course of a year observing an increase in the abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes. Further evaluation of the results against the entomological data available in previous studies showed that the high-risk times predicted in this study were consistent with an increase in the abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes in the study areas. The proposed method is extremely useful for temporal prediction of the increase in abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes in addition to the use of optimal data aimed at monitoring the exact location of Anopheles habitats.

No abstract

Arch Dis Child 2012;97(Suppl 2):A1-A539 A535 AbstractsBowel movements can be a difficult subject to discuss both as a patient and as a professional. A way to decrease the effects of postoperative constipation is to have a dialogue with the patient about their normal defecation pattern while conducting the initial intake interview. To develop a guideline for a structured dialogue between any professional and an adolescent patient about their defecation pattern. This is done with the private nature of this subject in mind. Focusing on what the adolescent patient experiences as significant in the communication and focusing on what information is necessary to help redu ce the number of days before the patient's first post-operative defecation occurs. The structured dialogue was tested in a study of 5 patients that had received operations for Idiopathic Scoliosis. Those patients will be compared to 11 other patients who were not involved in this study. The feedback from the 5 patients will be collected by the use of a questionnaire. The que stionnaire has a qualitative and quantitative approach. The questionnaires have shown that the study patients feel comfortable talking with professionals about this subject when the structured dialogue is used. Since the increased focus and when utilizing the structured dialogues, the number of days before the first post-operative defecation has been reduced by 22.8%. By structuring the intake interview, it has resulted in a positive effect and made the dia logue more comfortable for the patient. An increased focus has also proven to reduce the number of days between surgery and their first post-operative defecation. MATERNAL ATTACHMENT IN MOTHERS OF UNDER-25 AND OVER-35 AGE GROUPS WHO HAVE BABIES OF 1-4 MONTHS OLD WITH COLIC DIAGNOSIS

Climate change will affect the distribution of species in the future. To determine the vulnerable areas relating to CL in Iran, we applied two models, MaxEnt and RF, for the projection of the future distribution of the main vectors and reservoirs of CL. The results of the models were compared in terms of performance, species distribution maps, and the gain, loss, and stable areas. The models provided a reasonable estimate of species distribution. The results showed that the Northern and Southern counties of Iran, which currently do not have a high incidence of CL may witness new foci in the future. The Western, and Southwestern regions of the Country, which currently have high habitat suitability for the presence of some vectors and reservoirs, will probably significantly decrease in the future. Furthermore, the most stable areas are for T. indica and M. hurrianae in the future. So that, this species may remain a major reservoir in areas that are present under current conditions. With more local studies in the field of identifying vulnerable areas to CL, it can be suggested that the national CL control guidelines should be revised to include a section as a climate change adaptation plan.

As a process to detect changes in land cover by using multi-temporal satellite images, change detection is one of the practical subjects in field of remote sensing. Any progress on this issue increase the accuracy of results as well as facilitating and accelerating the analysis of multi-temporal data and reducing the cost of producing geospatial information. In this study, an unsupervised change detection method is proposed based on using the image quality parameters; including correlation, spectral distortion, radiometric distortion and contrast between pixels in multi-temporal images. To calculate these indices, a binary mask is used to divide the image into change and unchanged classes. In this paper, to generate the mask, the proposed method applied asymmetric thresholding on signed difference image and in order to produce optimal mask, an iterative algorithm are suggested to find the optimal thresholds. The results demonstrate 5 percent increasing when two asymmetric thresholds are used with respect to use one threshold in absolute difference image. The proposed method is less sensitive to radiometric changes in multi-temporal images. Besides, due to usage optimized threshlding method, this method has less computational cost than random mask optimization methods. Moreover, in comparison with the Otsu thresholding method and Fisher criterion function, the results obtained from the proposed method demonstraste 24 and 21 percent incressing the accuracy, respectively.