Background:Direct transmission through skin contact is one of ways for disease transmission. Medical staffs have contact with many patients, so their hand can be a factor for the transmission of disease. Surgical scrub is a process that leads to destruction immigrant and stable microbus of hands and arms through friction washing by use of antiseptic solution prior to surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of disinfection of Povidone-Iodine and Manugel 85 in surgical scrub.Methods:This study was a clinical trial that done before and after Surgical scrub. 33 person of surgical team in hospital were surveyed during. Four samples were done for every person: first before surgical scrub with Povidone-Iodine solution, second immediately after surgical scrub, then after one week third test done before surgical scrub with Manugel 85, and forth one immediately after surgical scrub. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis and SPSS analysis.Results:Data analysis showed that the effect of Povidone-Iodine and Manugel 85, separately, before and after surgical scrub on number of colonies is significant. But the effect of these two solutions on behalf of number of colonies was not significant. The 100% grown cultures before surgical scrub with Povidone-Iodine solution and 90.91% before surgical scrub with Manugel 85 were staphylococcus.Conclusion:The disinfection effect of Povidone-Iodine and Manuge l85 on surgical scrub is the same.
Background & Aims: Pressure ulcer is a serious problem in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. It is associated with major complications such as prolonged length of stay and delayed recovery. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and grade of pressure ulcers in smokers and non-smokers admitted to the intensive care unit. Materials & Methods:This study is an analytical cross-sectional study in which 120 patients in two groups (smokers (60) and non-smokers (60)) were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, information sheet based on the division of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP), and Braden's grading criteria. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.24 software. Results: The results showed that incidence of pressure ulcers in the smoker group was 46.13 ± 11.01 and in the non-smokers group was 39.2 ± 8.23 and there was a significant difference between the incidence of pressure ulcers in two groups (p≤.0/05). Also, comparing the grade of pressure ulcer, the mean and standard deviation of the smoker group was 23.32 ± 5.92 and the non-smokers group was 14.22 ± 1.21. 11/7% of patients in the smoking group had grades of four pressure ulcers, but in the nonsmoking group, none of the patients had grades of four pressure ulcers. The t-test showed a significant difference between the grades of pressure ulcers in two groups (p≤0/05). Conclusion:The results of this study showed the effect of smoking on increasing incidence and grade of pressure ulcers in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Therefore, it is necessary for the staff of the intensive care units to pay special attention to risk factors and to identify and monitor the hospitalized patients.
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