Background:Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are known to play a significant role in the repair of denatured proteins in the cell. It seems that cytoprotective properties of HSPs may help in malignant progression by facilitating tumor cell growth and survival. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HSP27 and HSP70 expression in various histopathological grades of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Materials and Methods:In this retrospective-analytical study, the sections of 51 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of SCC from various sites of oral and paraoral regions and 10 normal oral mucosa were immunostained by Novolink Polymer technique to determine the expression of HSP27 and HSP70. Then the data were analyzed according to the Kruskal–Walis, Mann–Whitney and the Spearman correlation tests (P<0.05).Results:The expression of HSP27 in well-differentiated SCC was significantly higher than normal epithelium (P=0.007) and in moderately differentiated SCC higher than poorly-differentiated SCC (P=0.023). Inverse correlation was observed between HSP27 expression and SCC's histopathological grade (P=0.001, r=-0.448). There was no significant difference between HSP70 staining of specimens (P=0.38).Conclusions:The present study revealed that the expression level of HSP27 was inversely related to histopathological grade of SCC and it may provide prognostic value for patients with SCC, but there was no significant relationship between the expression of HSP70 and histopathological grades of SCC.
Background: Oral pathogens can affect a large population and the general health of individuals. Based on the evidence, the grape seed extract (GSE) contains herbal compounds that have the ability tosuppress oral pathogens associated with caries and fungal diseases. In this regard, the current studyaimed at evaluating the effect of GSE on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Methods: The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed was used in this in-vitro experimental study. After thepreparation of methanolic GSE, its effect on S. mutans and C. albicans was assessed at 0.25-256 mg/mL concentrations. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidalconcentration (MBC) were determined by macro broth dilution methods. Finally, data were analyzedby SPSS, version 20. Results: The results showed that GSE inhibits the growth of S. mutans and C. albicans. In addition, theMIC and MBC of the extract against S. mutans and C. albicans were 2 and 8 mg/mL, as well as 32 and64 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: In general, GSE had a significant antimicrobial effect on S. mutans, while it only affected C. albicans at high concentrations.
Background: Recently, the role of biochemical factors in the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has attracted some attention. Serum levels of biochemical factors may change in cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the serum level of folate, Vitamin B12, homocysteine, iron, copper, and selenium in patients with OSCC. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 30 primary OSCC patients (15 males and 15 females) presenting to Imam Khomeini Cancer Institute, who had not yet undergone treatment. Blood samples were taken and serum levels of folate, Vitamin B12, homocysteine, iron, copper, and selenium were measured. Serum levels of micronutrients in patients with different tumor sizes were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Serum levels of micronutrients were compared among groups with and without metastasis and lymph node involvement using Student's t-test (P < 0.05). Results: Serum levels of B12, folic acid, homocysteine, copper, iron, and selenium were 232.5 ± 102.68, 8.66 ± 4.06, 18.87 ± 8.81, 96.0 ± 22.64, 55.27 ± 40.58, and 92.47 ± 18.83 ng/mL, respectively. Relatively similar values were measured in patients with different tumor sizes with and without lymph node involvement and presence or absence distant metastasis. However, the serum level of folic acid in OSCC patients without lymph node involvement was significantly higher than that in OSCC patients with lymph node involvement (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite some variations, serum levels of micronutrients in OSCC patients were within the normal limits. Considering the variations in serum level of copper in OSCC patients, it may be used as a diagnostic marker. However, further studies are warranted in this respect.
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