Waste materials can be categorized into household, commercial, agricultural, synthetic wastes, and so on. Agricultural wastes play a great role as an alternative material to be derived into valuable carbon materials, due to their low cost and abundancy, in contrast to conventional carbon material sources. Feasible carbonization process of agricultural wastes can be conducted by using heat treatment. The focused agricultural wastes in this study are rice husks (RH) and saw dusts (SD). They are converted into carbon materials through heat treatment under the presence of inert gas at 500°C and 800°C for 2 hours. Then, their characteristics such as structure, morphology, elemental composition, and crystallinity are investigated by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Similarly, the carbonized RHs and SDs can be classified as amorphous carbon and possess porous structure. The characteristics of carbonized RHs and SDs indicate that they could be a promising material to be utilized in particular or various applications.
Abstract. To enhance natural ventilation at day time, solar chimney is one of the suitable options for topical country like Malaysia. Solar chimney creates air flow due to stack effect caused by temperature difference between ambient and inside wall. In the solar chimney, solar energy is harvested by the inner wall that cause temperature rise compare to ambient. Therefore, the efficiency of the solar chimney depends on the availability of solar energy as well as the solar intensity. In addition, it is very hard to get good ventilation at night time by using a solar chimney. To overcome this problem one of the suitable valid option is to integrate solar chimney with turbine ventilator. A new type of solar chimney is designed and fluid flow analyzed with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The aim of CFD and theoretical study are to investigate the effect of opening areas on modified solar chimney performance. The inlet and outlet area of solar chimney are varied from 0.0224m 2 to 0.6m 2 and 0.1m 2 to 0.14m 2 respectively based on the changes of inclination angle and gap between inner and outer wall. In the CFD study the constant heat flux is considered as 500W/m 2 . CFD result shows that there is no significant relation between opening areas and the air flow rate through solar chimney but the ratio between inlet and outlet is significant on flow performance. If the area ratio between inlet and outlet are equal to two or larger, the performance of the solar chimney is better than the solar chimney with ratio lesser than two. The solar chimney performance does not effect if the area ratio between inlet and outlet varies from 1 to 2. This result will be useful for design and verification of actual solar chimney performance.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the main factor that influences the usage of internet banking in Malaysia. This study applies the concept of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in internet banking context. This research implements hierarchical regression for All the bankcompany should be alert in customer satisfaction for their system and not just focus for the profit. The framework will be useful for bank to improve their system to more systematic and efficient. data analysis. Data was collected from 210 students of public higher learning institution in FederalTerritory of Labuan, Malaysia via convenience sampling technique. The result of this study give impacts towards the future research in technology acceptance. The empirical results will be useful for financial institution or bank in order to improve the internet banking system that they currently used.
Marine propellers are a critical element in the marine transportation propulsion system. The propeller performances are defined by their non-dimensional coefficient such as the thrust coefficient, the torque coefficient and the efficiency. This paper demonstrate the utilization of modern computer aided engineering and computational fluid dynamic application tools (SolidWorks) to provide a preliminary understanding of the propeller performance characteristics. Four types of highly skewed commercial marine propellers with pitch variance (6.5", 9.75", 10.5" and 12") were subjected to computational flow analysis based on Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equation. The thrust and torque coefficients were linearly decreasing with increasing advance coefficient for each propeller type under different rotational speeds. High pitch value had also shown to greatly enhance the efficiency coefficient of the propeller, and thus the performance.
The static cavitation tank set-up and experimental techniques were developed as a compete facility for investigation of underwater marine propeller cavitation flow as presented in this paper. This facility was developed to initiate experimental investigation of underwater marine propeller hydrodynamic with particular emphasis on the modeling and characterizing of propeller thrust and torque performances under cavitating flow. The static cavitation tank, dynamometer, controller, instrumentation and data acquisition
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