From historical and traditional perspectives, Malaysian women have long been involved in entrepreneurship. Although their percentage in this sector is still low compared to men, this field opens another opportunity for women to earn income. Therefore, this study is to examine the relationship between human factors, social factor, organizational factors and innovation towards business performance amongst women entrepreneurs in Johor, Malaysia. The study utilized quantitative approaches that comprised of a self-administered questionnaire to gain a better understanding of the study context. In the early stage, the study carried out preliminary interview with a women entrepreneur to observe current situation of women in handling business. In obtaining actual data, the study was later distributed questionnaire to selected women entrepreneur in Johor. The findings discovered that human factors, social factor, and organizational factors were a positive and significant relationship with business performance. However, the result from the hierarchical regression analysis shows that innovation does not moderate the relationship between organizational factors toward the business performance. From the results provide evidence and explanation of the determinants of business performance amongst women entrepreneurs in Johor, and also contribute some crucial insights to the policymakers to further develop and improve the current policy and training programs or workshops for the entrepreneurs. The study outcomes are significantly useful to the government agencies to develop upcoming policy and also set up proper support and training programs for the intended group women entrepreneurs, such as providing business skill training, increasing marketing services, providing workshops, creative thinking courses and some social welfare trade programs. To address the limitations of this study, future researchers may expand this research by emphasizing on other business platform types, so as to influence this present business performance trend amongst women entrepreneurs.
The gig economy has been growing from the global economic recession in early 2008 until 2011 and created new job opportunities for many parties. Food delivery gig workers are among the most important types of gig jobs, especially in urban areas. The objective of the study is to explore the driving factors and career prospects of food delivery gig workers and obtain a hindsight of gig workers especially food delivering services as this is the most blooming gig work. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of the participants. Semi-structured interviews were used in this study. Participant were selected based on snowball sampling technique and a total of nine participants were obtained. Using Nvivo 12 software, a thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcription data. Based on the themes obtain, the attraction of gig work and individual personality is known to be the deciding factors for choosing to work as food delivery gig workers. The requirement for disclosure of gig career information that includes the knowledge of gig careers and other gig professions was the first theme that emerged for career prospect, followed by the second theme, "career development," which concerned with career growth and future planning. Gig work is still unstable in terms of job security and uncertain job prospects. Future study should be done in order to identify a better working system for gig workers with the involvement of vendors, online platforms and others. The government should also participate in policy that can help the gig workers especially in terms of employee protection.
Transformative learning is a process of engaging with an individual’s referral framework including perspectives of meaning, habit, mind and thinking. This study was conducted to study the transformational learning that takes place in adult women in performing the Hajj. This study is designed to identify triggers, factors and effects .The methodology of this study uses semi-structured interviews. A total of 5 informants consisting of adult women aged 45 to 65 were selected using the snowball method. The results show that different triggering events in each individual can change the perspective of informants to change. Factors help inform informants to support and encourage them to continue to move in a positive direction. Suggestions to future researchers may extend the scope of Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak, study gender differences and use data triangulation.
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