The use of waste and by‐products locally available in large quantities and at low cost as adsorbents can be considered an appropriate approach for improving waste management and protecting the environment. Cotton textile waste was used to prepare adsorbents (MC) via pyrolysis followed by a chemical modification with H3PO4. MC samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm. The results revealed that MC treated with 1 M H3PO4 (MC1) showed an excellent adsorption performance. The single and binary adsorption of tetracycline (TC) and paracetamol (Pa) onto MC1 were studied. In a single system, TC was better adsorbed than Pa and maximum adsorption capacities qm are 87.7 mg/g and 62 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption follows the Langmuir and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. For a binary system, the experimental data indicate that Pa (44.04 mg/g) is better adsorbed than TC (24.13 mg/g). Adsorption equilibrium data of TC and Pa evaluated by the selectivity extended‐Langmuir model in which selectivity factor was introduced provided good correlation results with the binary adsorption data. Cotton textile waste is potentially promising for the preparation of effective adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceutical residues in aqueous solutions. Practitioner points Valorization of cotton textile waste into adsorbents. Adsorbents were prepared by pyrolysis at 600°C followed by chemical modification in the presence of H3PO4. Removal of tetracycline (TC) and paracetamol (Pa) alone or in mixtures by adsorption. Adsorbent showed high‐capacity adsorption of the TC and Pa even in a mixture from solutions at low concentrations. The Langmuir and selectivity extended‐Langmuir models describe the adsorption of TC and Pa alone and in mixtures, respectively.
Iron alginate beads (Fe-Alg) were prepared, characterized and implemented for the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) by the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process using a graphite cathode recovered from used batteries. Scanning electron (SEM) showed that (Fe-Alg) beads have a spherical shape and the results of energy dispersive spectrometric (EDS) revealed the presence of iron in (Fe-Alg). Optimization of the operating parameters showed that a complete degradation of AMX was achieved within 90 min of heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatment by operating under these conditions: initial AMX's concentration: 0.0136 mM, I = 600 mA, [Na2SO4] = 50 mM, pH = 3, T = 25 °C, ω = 360 rpm. The corresponding COD abatement was 50%. Increasing the contact time increased the COD abatement to 85.71%, after 150 min of heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatment. The results of the kinetic study by using nonlinear methods demonstrated that the reaction of AMX degradation obeyed to a pseudo-second order kinetic. Iron content 4.63% w/w was determined by acid digestion method. After 5 cycles of use, the Alg-Fe catalyst depletion was only 8%. Biodegradability was remarkably improved after electro-Fenton pretreatment, since it increased from 0.07 initially to 0.36. The heterogeneous electro-Fenton process had efficiently eliminated AMX and it increased the biodegradability of the treated solution.
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