The current study was designed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in thirty two samples of fish feedstuff were collected randomly from some Iraqi local markets using ELISA technique. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in thirty samples and the concentration of toxin ranged from 50 ppb to 1000 ppb. Microwave and ozone were used for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 from sample with highest concentration (1000 ppb), two degree of temperature and two times (50°C and 100°C for 5 minute and 10 minute to each degree) of microwave, also two doses and two times (2 g and 4 g for 5 minute and 10 minute to each dose) of ozone gas were used. Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by microwave has been found to cause a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease of aflatoxin B1, Moreover, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on temperature degrees and exposure time, also sample subjected to ozone gas caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in aflatoxin B1 contents and the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on doses and times of exposure. Results showed that ozone gas was more effective in aflatoxin B1 reduction when compared with microwave.
In this paper, Au NPs prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) with different laser energy (200, 360,500,660 and 800 m J) with number of pulses (1000pulse), at wavelength 1064 nm, and repetition rate of 1Hz. The structural, morphological and optical properties were discussed. XRD spectra showed the diffraction peak. AFM showed the average diameter. The optical properties showed increase absorption spectra at increase energy. IntroductinLaser ablation of target submerged in liquid environment which is simple method, recently has attracted much attention for NPs creation [1, 2] The unique physical properties of Nano scale materials have shown to have abilities to develop wide array methods for cost-effective diagnosis, fast determination of resistance of antibacterial drugs, and efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents [3]. Among the different metallic NPs, Au NPs have wide range of applications in Nano scale devices and
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