Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare-congenital anomaly that can affect the genitourinary system. The aim of this case report is to show our experience in this case, including the investigation and operative techniques that we utilized. In the literature review, we will show that different types of duplication, radiological investigations, and surgical techniques have been used to treat this condition.

Objective The study investigated the prevalence and impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among women in Jordan. Methods A correlational study was conducted to evaluate 500 Jordanian women aged >20 years. Women with symptoms of dementia, delirium, neurodegenerative changes and osteodegenerative changes were excluded. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires (Arabic version of the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) short forms). Results A total of 200 (40%) women reported SUI; 47% reported mild symptoms, 37% reported moderate symptoms and 16% reported severe symptoms. There were positive correlations between SUI prevalence and number of pregnancies, age and obesity. SUI had a substantial impact on all aspects of quality of life (QoL), as assessed by the IIQ-7. Conclusions A moderate prevalence of SUI was reported. There was a significant association between development of SUI and age, higher body mass index and number of pregnancies. Because SUI is highly prevalent and has a major effect on QoL, healthcare professionals should inquire about this condition and refer patients to related specialties for treatment.

This study determines the prevalence and clinical presentation of detrusor underactivity (DU) and its urodynamic characteristics in adult patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Patients and Methods: This retrospective study has reviewed the symptoms and urodynamic study (UDS) findings of 283 patients with LUTS. Chi-square analysis was used to present the prevalence of UDS characteristics in both sexes. Results: Out of records of 206 patients included in this study, fifty-one (24.76%) patients were diagnosed with DU based on bladder contractility index. Storage lower urinary tract symptoms were the most prevalent characteristic presentation in both sexes as compared to the difficulty in voiding, recurrent urine retention, and urinary incontinence. Bladder outlet, sphincter EMG findings, and degree of DU were significantly correlated with gender. Conclusion: DU is a prevalent and sophisticated bladder pathology rather than a simple one. It requires more attention from the urologists, and evaluations, including UDS, to differentiate it from other pathologies.

The scoring of the 7-item Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire is unusual because its scale varies with the same maximum and minimum scoring values and quantifies all aspects of OAB. The questionnaire also contains a graded response for urgency. The current study is mainly concerned with the development and validation of the OABSS questionnaire for Jordanian patients. The process of translating the English OABSS questionnaire into the Arabic language involved forward and backward translations. Afterward, a prospective study was conducted to validate the Arabic version of the OABSS questionnaire by examining 235 patients from the outpatient clinics of Karak Governorate Teaching Hospital. The Arabic OABSS questionnaire was completed by all the enrolled patients before and after three months of treatment with solifenacin 5 mg taken once daily. The study included 235 regular patients (152 females and 83 males) diagnosed with OAB in accordance with the definition of the International Continence Society (ICS). The results showed major and significant differences on all seven domains of the questions on the OABSS questionnaire before and after receiving treatment (p < 0.05). Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to measure the reliability and the questionnaire was found to be highly reliable for the construct variables. The findings derived from the current study would be beneficial for local urologists and researchers, as the Arabic version of the OABSS questionnaire was proven to be a reliable instrument for use in the assessment of OAB. Future studies are needed to compare different translated questionnaires relating to OAB.Trial registration number: NCT04309890.

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The preoperative aspects and dimensions used for anatomic (PADUA) classification, Radius, exophytic/ endophytic, anterior/posterior location (RENAL) score and contact surface area are the anatomy-based nephrometry scoring systems that are selected to guide decisions on radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery. A novel

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Objectives: Noninvasive diagnosis of cancer bladder remains a challenge. The study aimed to evaluate the urinary gene expression of NDRG-2 (N-Myc downstream-regulated gene2) and MCM8 (the mini chromosome maintenance proteins) genes and their importance as novel urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer. In addition, to assess their diagnostic value in comparison with voided urine cytology is the focus of this work. Methods: the study included twenty healthy controls and fifty patients with bladder cancer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and voided urine cytology (VUC) were performed to demonstrate the NDRG2 and MCM-8 gene expression levels in the urine of healthy controls and bladder cancer patients. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in NDRG-2 gene expression in bladder cancer group (4.38±0.66) compared to the control group (8.29±1.67). Gene expression of MCM-8 showed a statistically significant increase in bladder cancer group (5.57±0.79) in comparison to control group (4.55±1.39) with a significant negative correlation (ρ= -0.77) between NDRG-2 expression levels and tumor grade in cancer group (p<0.001), and a positive significant correlation (ρ=0.453) between MCM-8 expression levels and tumor grade in cancer group (p=0.001). NDRG-2 had the highest ability to predict bladder carcinoma (AUC of 1.0). In addition, the most precise differentiation between non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with AUC of 0.814. Conclusion: Expression of NDRG-2 and MCM-8 may be novel potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer and a good tool for differentiation between NMIBC and MIBC with NDRG-2 is the most precise for diagnosis and differentiation over MCM-8, VUC and combined use of NDRG-2 and MCM-8.