Background:The manifestations of COVID-19 as outlined by imaging modalities such as echocardiography, lung ultrasound (LUS), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging are not fully described.
Methods:We conducted a systematic review of the current literature and included studies that described cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 using echocardiography, CMR, and pulmonary manifestations using LUS. We queried PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for relevant articles. Original studies and case series were included.Results: This review describes the most common abnormalities encountered on echocardiography, LUS, and CMR in patients infected with COVID-19.
A 17-year-old boy diagnosed with an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma involving the perineum and with extensive lymphadenopathy was treated with chemotherapy yet developed metastases to the head and neck 6 months into therapy. Ten months after initial diagnosis, while receiving salvage chemotherapy and radiotherapy, he returned with pain on movement of his left eye, proptosis, and ptosis of the left upper eyelid. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass within the left lateral rectus muscle that biopsy confirmed to be metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Despite continued chemotherapy and radiotherapy, he ultimately died of the disease. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma from distant sites rarely metastasizes to the extraocular muscles. However, our case shows that alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma may metastasize to the orbit and involve a single muscle.
Childhood pr imary parotid non-Hodgkin s lymphoma (NHL) is a rare but well-recognized entity in the literature. Perineural extension ofmasses between the headand neck andcranium, although rare, ltas also been weil documented. We report the jirst docum ented case, to our knowledge, ofa left-sided pritnary parotid NHL in a child with direet intracranial extension through theforamen rotundum. The mass arose in a l lh-month p eriod. Following evaluation by computed tomography and magnetic resonan ce imaging, diagnostic procedures (first, jine-needle aspiration and, subsequently, an open biopsy) were undettaken. We discuss the cas e report and briejly review childhood NHL and perineural metastasis.
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