Efforts such as the Glasgow United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties 26, the Paris Agreement (Paris agreement, United Nations, Paris, 2015) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are supporting the drive to protect the planet from global warming by ensuring sustainable development. The oil and gas industry, as key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, must transition to more sustainable energy solutions and play their part in reducing these emissions. Currently, oil and gas companies are implementing technical solutions to achieve net zero carbon emissions. The energy transition from fossil fuel reliance has also happened by exploiting alternative renewable energy sources to meet global energy demand such as wind, solar, biogas and bioderived feedstocks. This net zero energy transition will require a fair and just transition for all in society, and to implement this, it is crucial for those working in the oil and gas industry to understand the technologies needed, the importance of carbon policies and their roles. This research presents a modified Delphi study of employees in Malaysia's national oil and gas company to understand their perceptions towards a net-zero carbon future. The paper briefly reviews Malaysia's low-carbon policy plans, its current carbon dioxide accounting balance, and identifies potential technologies for decarbonisation to set the scene for the modified Delphi study. The results indicated that the national oil and gas company has both the capabilities and the financial resources to significantly contribute towards Malaysia transitioning to a carbon neutral nation. This can be achieved by implementing advanced technologies complementing with nature-based solutions to realise net zero carbon emissions. This study also portrays the confidence that the portfolio of solutions should be executed through a coordinated effort to maximise the outcome and minimise the financial impact in terms of economical sustainability. Implementation of activities towards this energy transition will require significant social commitment, and hence, gauging their perception towards this journey is key objective of this paper. Graphical abstract
With declining oil production, the Exploration & Production companies are in search of applying innovative methodologies to improve recovery factors from existing fields. Immiscible Water Alternating Gas (IWAG) has been identified as one of the enhanced-oil recovery techniques for offshore Dulang oil field in Malaysia. The field redevelopment FDP study was initiated in 2007 to evaluate the optimum recovery scheme to increase oil production from all reservoirs in Dulang field. Results from the simulation study indicated that the major reservoirs will benefit from IWAG injection, with ultimate recovery as high as 50% in some reservoirs. Phase 1 of IWAG injection was started in April 2012 Prior to IWAG field implementation, extensive surveillance program was developed to ensure requires data is captured for monitoring the success of the project and provide a feedback for improvement. This paper explores the selection of tools and testing programs adopted in surveillance program which include Integrated Operation (IO) for IWAG injection in the Dulang field. The new proposed surveillance program is expected to improve water flood and IWAG monitoring; Monitors stable front (water or gas) with high sweep efficiency to push oil to producerMonitors and forecasts displaced reservoir hydrocarbon and water volumesEnables to see and understand the status-quo of WF/WAG performance in each block and reservoir The new IWAG surveillance program with the IO system will enable the surveillance team to move from reactive to a proactive asset management system. Real time data will enable engineers to know the status of injection facilities, well status and rate and the performance of IWAG EOR in Dulang.
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