<p><strong>Latar Belakang</strong>: Perawatan tali pusat adalah kegiatan merawat tali pusat bayi setelah tali pusat dipotong sampai sebelum lepas. Teknik perawatan yang salah dapat mempengaruhi lama pelepasan tali pusat hingga infeksi tetanus neonatorum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perawatan tali pusat terbuka dan kasa kering dengan lama pelepasan tali pusat pada bayi baru lahir.</p><p><strong>Metode</strong>: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan <em>cohort</em>. Teknik pengambilan sampel <em>purposive sampling</em>. Besar sampel 80 bayi yaitu 40 bayi kelompok kasus dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Gajahan dan 40 responden kelompok kontrol dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Amanah Ibu dan Anak yang memenuhi kriteria retriksi. Perawatan tali pusat sebagai variabel bebas dan lama pelepasan tali pusat sebagai variabel terikat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan rekam medik responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan <em>Chi-Square</em>.</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong>: Responden kelompok kasus berjumlah 40 bayi dengan lama pelepasan tali pusat 1-7 hari sebanyak 31 bayi dan 9 bayi yang >7 hari.<strong> </strong>Responden kelompok kontrol berjumlah 40 bayi dengan lama pelepasan tali pusatnya 1-7 hari sebanyak 38 bayi dan 2 bayi yang >7 hari. ρ<sub>value</sub> (0.023) < α (0.05) maka Ha diterima.</p><p><strong>Simpulan</strong>: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perawatan tali pusat terbuka dan kasa kering dengan lama pelepasan tali pusat pada bayi baru lahir.</p>
Background Menarche is an important indicator of female adolescents’ health and also population health. Age at menarche tends to decrease in many countries. Early menarche that defined from the lowest quartile of age at menarche, associated with some physical and psychological problems. Objective To determine the mean age at menarche, the prevalence of early menarche among healthy adolescents in Surakarta and its association to nutritional status. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 schools (3 junior and 2 senior high schools) in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from September 2016 to March 2018, by consecutive sampling technique. We included menarched healthy female students whose parent provided informed consent and without consuming any routine medication. Data were derived from self-reported questionnaire and measurements of body weight; body height; and body mass index (BMI) by calculated based on weight/height2(kg/m2). Results Of 835 eligible subjects, the mean age at menarche was 12.0 (SD 1.1) years (range 8.8-15.1 years) and the prevalence of early menarche was 11.1%. The peak of age at menarche were at 11,12, and 13 years (24.3%, 36.2%, and 23.9%, respectively) and almost 99.04% of subjects had menarche at 14 years old. The proportion of early menarche between subjects birth 1997-2001 and 2002-2007 were 8.4% and 16.1%. Early menarche associated with overweight-obese in adolescents (odd ratio 2.14; 95%CI 1.21 to 3.76). Conclusion The mean age at menarche of healthy adolescents in Surakarta is younger than other previous studies in Indonesia. Early menarche was significantly a risk for overweight/obese in adolescents.
Latar belakang. Epilepsi merupakan penyakit kronik yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup, di antaranyagangguan daya ingat.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi gangguan daya ingat, serta pengaruh lama pengobatan, dan jumlah obatanti epilepsi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan daya ingat, serta pengaruh lamapengobatan, dan jumlah obat anti epilepsi terhadap gangguan daya ingat pada pasien epilepsi anak. Penelitinadilakukan di Poliklinik Neurologi Anak RSUD Dr Moewardi Surakarta dalam kurun waktu September2010 – November 2010, pada 50 subyek.Hasil. Gangguan daya ingat dialami 46% subyek di antara 50 subyek yang diteliti. Analisis bivariat mendapatkanpengaruh lama pengobatan lebih dari 2 tahun dengan OR 13,14 (CI 95% 3,29-2,47), jumlahobat anti epilepsi lebih dari satu obat dengan OR 0,6 (CI 95% 0,18-2,02). Analisis regresi logistik gandamendapatkan faktor yang mempengaruhi daya ingat adalah lama pengobatan lebih dari 2 tahun denganOR 17,3 (CI 95% 1,13- 279,17).Kesimpulan. Gangguan daya ingat dialami 46% pasien epilepsi anak. Lama pengobatan lebih dari duatahun berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya gangguan daya ingat pada pasien epilepsi anak.
Background Epileptic seizures are a transient occurrence resulting from abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neural activity in the brain. Epilepsy requires long-term treatment, increasingly larger doses, and combination therapy. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), especially valproic acid (VPA), are the main treatment of choice. Thrombocytopenia is the most common adverse event from AEDs. Objective To evaluate platelet counts in epileptic children receiving valproic acid monotherapy vs. polytherapy. Methods This analytic, observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted in children with epilepsy below 18 years of age and treated in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects had received VPA treatment for at least 6 months, either as monotherapy or polytherapy. There were 40 subjects in each group (VPA monotherapy vs. VPA polytherapy). The exclusion criteria were patients who had thrombocytopenia and did not take valproic acid regularly. The data was taken from laboratory and the outcome assessed was decreasing of platelet count. Results Administration of VPA as monotherapy vs. polytherapy was not significantly associated with incidence of thrombocytopenia. However, duration of VPA use > 2 years was associated with significantly greater proportion of thrombocytopenia, with OR 33.0 (95%CI 4.157 to 261.962; P=0.001) compared to VPA use < 2 years. Similarly, VPA dose of >30 mg/kg/day was significantly associated with greater proportion of thrombocytopenia, with OR 4.081 (95%CI 1.337 to 12.458; P=0.013) compared to <30 mg/kg/day dosage. Conclusion Incidence of thrombocytopenia is not significantly different between VPA as a monotherapy and polytherapy. However, higher VPA dose and longer VPA duration are associated with higher proportion of thrombocytopenia.
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